FINAL BIO

• Anatomy


  The study of body structures
• Physiology


  The study of body functions
• Languages most medical terms are based on

  • Greek
  • Latin
• Diffusion


  Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• Ordered from smallest to biggest

  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ System
• Electron


  Smallest mass
• Used to make the atomic number

  • Atomic number
  • Element symbol
  • Atomic mass
• Finding the atomic weight

  Add protons + neutrons
• Proton


  Found in the nucleus
• Electron


  Negative charge
• Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share
• Nonpolar covalent bond


  Occurs when atoms share electrons equally
• Polar covalent bond


  Occurs when atoms share electrons unequally
• Ionic bond


  Occurs when two ions are attracted to each other
• How positive ions form


  Atom loses one or more valence electron
• How negative ions form


  Atom gains the electron lost by the cation
• Polar bond


  Occurs when the partial positive side of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative side of another molecule
• Octet Rule


  Tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 electrons in the valence shell
• Transcription


  DNA segments is copied into a shorter mRNA
• Translation


  Carry specific amino acids to ribosome
• Types of RNA


  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
• mRNA, tRNA, rRNA


  • Their functions
• Hydrophobic


  Insoluble in water
• Lipids are hydrophobic
• Carbohydrates


  Includes glucose and starch
• Nucleic Acid


  Made of nucleotides
• Common lipids


  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
• Nucleus


  Control center & houses the DNA
• Ribosomes


  Site of production of proteins
• Mitochondrion


  Produces ATP
• ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate
• Plasma membrane


  Outer limiting barrier of the cell
• Nervous tissue


  Tissue made of neurons and neuroglia cells
• Epithelium tissue


  Tissue found lining the outside and inside of organs and also in glandular tissue
• Connective tissue


  Tissue that functions in binding, support, & protection
• Muscle tissue


  Tissue that includes Cardiac, Smooth & Skeletal subcategories
• Positive Feedback Cycles used by the body


  • Contractions in childbirth
• Somatic nervous system


  Innervates Skeletal Muscles
• Autonomic Nervous system


  Innervates Involuntary Muscles
• Ganglion


  A group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system