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• Anthropology


  The study of human beings, focusing on universals and differences among human populations across time and place
• Etymology of Anthropology


  Originates from the Greek words Anthropos (man, human) and Logos (study)
• Scope of Anthropology


  • Worldwide and historical, concerned with all varieties of people throughout all periods
  • Holistic, integrating many aspects of human physical and social life and exploring their connections
• Anthropological Curiosity


  Questioning what is typically accepted and exploring how and why aspects vary across societies
• Relevance of Anthropology


  • Enriches understanding of human beings globally
  • Increases acceptance of cultural differences
  • Showcases cultural accomplishments
  • Builds humility
  • Emphasizes that no one culture is superior or permanent
• Early Theoretical Approaches in Anthropology

  • Evolutionism - Cultures evolve uniformly through stages from savagery to civilization
  • Race Theory - Human behaviors varied by subspecies or "races"
• Boasian Anthropology


  Stresses studying cultural traits within their societal contexts, leading to ecological and interpretive approaches
• Fields of Anthropology


  • Biological Anthropology
  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Linguistics
• Ethnology


  Studies differences and similarities in customary behaviors across cultures
• Ethnology Subfields


  • Ethnography
  • Ethnohistory
  • Cross-cultural Research
• Applied Anthropology


  Applies anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems across various fields
• Global Relevance of Anthropology

  • Understanding and respecting cultural and physical differences are crucial to avoid misunderstandings and foster global cooperation and peace
• Biological Anthropology


  Studies human evolution and variation
• Cultural Anthropology


  Examines contemporary and historical cultures
• Archaeology


  Focuses on past cultures through material remains
• Linguistics


  Studies language changes, structures, and social uses
• Ethnography


  Fieldwork and detailed descriptions
• Ethnohistory


  Uses historical documents
• Cross-cultural Research


  Compares culture samples
• As a discipline, anthropology was founded in the 1800s