BB - blood and blood components

• Blood


  The life-maintaining fluid that circulates through the body

  
• Blood Products


  Components of the blood that are collected from a donor for use in blood transfusion

  
• The average human has 5 Liters of blood i.e, 8% of total body weight
• Blood


  It is a transporting fluid that carries vital substances to all parts of the body
• Properties of Blood


  • Color range: Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red to bright crimson red, Oxygen-poor blood is purple-red
  • pH: 7.35-7.45
  • Temp: 38o C or 100.4o F
  • Viscosity: 5 times more viscous than water
• Blood


  Specialized type of connective tissue in which living blood cells (formed elements) are suspended in a non living fluid matrix called plasma

  
• Components of Blood


  • Cellular part (Formed Elements)
  • Non cellular part (Plasma)

  
• Whole Blood


  Donor Blood + Anticoagulant

  
• Anticoagulants used


  • CPD Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose- 21 days
  • CPDA CPD + Adenine- 35 days
  • AS-1, AS-3, AS-5- 42 days
• Whole Blood volume is 400-500 mL

  
• Whole Blood


  • Rich in coagulation factors
  • Hct- 45%
  • Stored at 1-6o C
  • Shelf life- 35 days

  
• PRBC- Packed Red Blood Cells

  Prepared by removing 200-250 mL of Plasma from a unit of Whole Blood

  
• 1 unit of PRBC increases Hgb by 1 g/dL (10g/L)
• PRBC


  • Hct- 3%
  • Shelf life- 35 days
  • Stored at 1-6oC

  
• Irradiated Red Blood Cells

  Gamma radiated to kill the lymphocytes to prevent graft versus host reaction

  
• Leukocyte reduced RBCs


  Methods of preparation: Centrifugation and removal of buffy coat, Filtration, Washing of red cells with saline, Freezing and thawing of red cells

  
• Centrifugation method is the easiest and least cost but least efficient, reducing WBC only 70-80% and RBC volume reduced to 20%
• Granulocytes


  Prepared by leukapheresis technique, contains large number of granulocytes and other leukocytes, 20-50 mL of RBC

  
• Platelet Concentrate


  Prepared by Cytapheresis by separating PRP from a unit of Whole Blood within 8 hours of collection and recentrifuged to remove plasma

  
• Platelet Concentrate


  • Stored at 20-24 c
  • Shelf life: 5 days in agitator
  • 1 unit= 15-20 mL
  • Each unit of platelet is expected to increase by 5000-10000 plt
• Platelet Apheresis


  Single donor platelets obtained by plasmapheresis technique, 6-8 times more platelets than in random donor, ABO matched platelets preferred
• FFP- Fresh Frozen Plasma


  Prepared by removing plasma from Whole Blood within 8 hours of collection, stored at -18C or below, contains all coagulant factors, 200-250 mL, each unit increases the level of each clotting factor by 2-3% in adults

  
• FFP must be infused within 6 hours of thawing and stored in Ref temp 1-6C after thawing
• Single Donor Plasma


  Prepared from stored blood, poor coagulation factors, cannot be used in the correction of coagulation factor deficiencies, effective as a volume expander

  
• Cryoprecipitate


  The cold-insoluble portion of plasma that remains after FFP has been thawed at 1-6C, contains Factor VIII:C, Factor VIII:vWF, Factor XIII, Fibrinogen, about 10-15 mL of Plasma, stored at -18C or below

  
• Cryoprecipitate must be infused within 6 hours after thawing and stored in ref temp after thawing