PSY 351 Exam 3

• Reductionism


  the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study. The part sum of a whole.
• What did caveat say about reductionism


  It should be "just simple enough"
• level of analysis

  Social behavior-->Behavior and Mental process-->Organ-->System (Network or circuits) -->Cellular-->Molecular
• neruons


  -nerve cells, transmit nerve impulses

  -vary by shape, size, length

  -has the same function
• glial cells


  -cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

  -vary by shape, size, length , AND function

  - Includes Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells, microglia , and ependymal cells
• input zone of neuron


  receives information from other cells through dendrites
• integration zone of neuron

  axon hillock; where the decision to produce a neural signal is made
• conduction zone of neuron


  single axon (or nerve fiber) conducts output information away from the cell body as an electrical impulse
• output zone of neuron


  axon terminals at the end of the axon communicate activity to other cells
• Purkinje neurons


  neurons in the cerebellum that are responsible for all the output from the cerebellar cortex to cerebellar nuclei

  
• pyramidal neurons


  the primary neurons found in the pyramidal tract, which are pyramid shaped

  
• Hippocampus Neuron

  
• presynaptic cell


  The transmitting neuron in a synapse.
• postsynaptic cell


  The neuron, muscle, or gland cell that receives the signal from a neuron.
• Oligodendrocytes


  Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath. Influence conduction speeds.
• Astrocytes


  Influence diffusion and may releases "gliatransmitters"
• Microglia (dumb cells)


  Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune system. Also a neuroplastic function.
• ependymal cells


  -produce cerebrospinal fluid

  -must be transported

  -maintain BBB
• Central Nervous System (CNS)

  consists of the brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


  the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
• enteric nervous system


  the nervous system of the digestive tract
• The intestinal layers


  The walls of the gastrointestinal tract consists of the 4 layers of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa.
• DIVISONS OF CNS


  brain and spinal cord
• divisions of the brain in CNS

  Fore brain, mid brain, hindbrain
• Divisions of the forebrain in the CNS


  Cerebrum, Basal ganglia, Limbic system, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus
• Divisions of the hindbrain in the CNS

  Cerebellum, pons, Medulla
• Divisons of PNS


  somatic and autonomic
• divisions of somatic nervous system


  sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
• divisions of autonomic nervous system


  -sympathetic and parasympathetic

  - both consists of sensory and motor nerves
• Divisions of enteric nervous system

  the Myenteric (Auerbach's plexus) and the Submucosal plexus (Meissener's plexus).
• somatic nerves


  control movement of the head, trunk, and limbs
• Dermatone


  a specific area of the skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves
• Dermatones are


  -paired

  -enter and exit spinal cords

  -spatial organization

  - except for face
• Cranial Nerves


  exit and enter from the brain to send and receive information from the face and sensory systems
• olfactory nerve


  the nerve that carries smell impulses from the nose to the brain. (Sensory ) (I)
• optic nerve


  vision (sensory) (II)
• oculomotor nerve


  eye movement (motor)(III)
• trochlear nerve


  eye movement (motor) (IV)
• abducens nerve


  eye movement (motor)(VI)
• trigeminal nerve


  face sensation, chewing, sinuses, teeth (Sensory). Jaw muscles (motor). (V)