Geo Test

• Layers of the Earth

  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Outer Core
  • Inner Core
• Crust


  • Outermost layer, solid rock varying in thickness
• Mantle


  • Hot, semi-solid layer beneath the crust
• Outer Core


  • Molten metal layer
• Inner Core


  • Solid metal layer at the center
• Natural Disasters


  • Earthquakes
  • Volcanic Eruptions
  • Hurricanes
• Earthquakes


  • Sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic plate movements
• Volcanic Eruptions


  • Molten rock, ash, and gases are expelled from a volcano
• Hurricanes


  • Intense tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rainfall
• Types of Rocks


  • Igneous Rocks
  • Sedimentary Rocks
  • Metamorphic Rocks
• Igneous Rocks


  • Formed from the cooling of magma or lava
• Sedimentary Rocks


  • Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sediments
• Metamorphic Rocks


  • Transform from existing rocks due to heat and pressure
• Geologic Time


  • Precambrian Era
  • Paleozoic Era
  • Mesozoic Era
  • Cenozoic Era
• Precambrian Era


  • Oldest and longest era, includes formation of Earth
• Paleozoic Era


  • Age of invertebrates, fish, and early plants
• Mesozoic Era


  • Age of dinosaurs, flowering plants, and birds
• Cenozoic Era


  • Age of mammals, including humans
• Plate Boundaries


  • Divergent Boundaries
  • Convergent Boundaries
  • Transform Boundaries
• Divergent Boundaries


  • Plates move apart
• Convergent Boundaries


  • Plates collide
• Transform Boundaries


  • Plates slide past each other
• Glaciers are large masses of ice that move slowly over land
• Types of Glaciers


  • Alpine Glacier
  • Continental Glacier
• Alpine Glacier


  • Form in mountainous regions
• Continental Glacier


  • Cover large land areas
• Glacial Mountain Features


  • Cirques
  • Arêtes
  • Moraines
• Cirques


  • Bowl-shaped depressions
• Arêtes


  • Narrow ridges
• Moraines


  • Accumulations of rock and debris
• Factors that Affect Climate

  • Latitude
  • Altitude
  • Ocean Currents
• Latitude


  • Distance from the equator
• Altitude


  • Elevation above sea level
• Ocean Currents


  • Influence temperature and precipitation
• Landform Regions of Canada

  • Canadian Shield
  • Interior Plains
  • Cordillera
• Canadian Shield


  • Oldest rock formations
• Interior Plains


  • Flat and fertile region
• Cordillera


  • Mountainous region on the west coast
• Canada's climate is diverse, ranging from arctic to temperate
• The Canada Climate Map shows the different climate zones across Canada