Spanish - Lección 3,5, y 7

• Que is used to refer to things or people and is the most frequently used relative pronoun.
• Quien refers only to people, and is often used after a preposition or the personal "a".
• Quienes is the plural form of quien
• Quien(es) is occasionally used instead of que in clauses set off by commas.
• Lo que doesn't refer to a specific noun. It refers to an idea, a situation, or past event, and means what, that which, or the things that.
• Formal commands are used when adressing someone known as usted or ustedes
• Formal Command: limpiar

  Limpie, limpien
• Formal Command: Barrer

  Barra, barran
• Formal Command: Sacudir

  Sacuda, sacudan
• Formal Commands: Verbs ending in -car change to -que, -gar change to -gue, and -zar changes to -ce
• Irregular Formal Commands: dar - dé(den), estar - esté(n), ir - vaya(n), saber - sepa(n), and ser - sea(n)
• Nosotros/as command are the English "let's"
• Nosotros/as Commands are formed by using the first-person plural form of the present subjunctive
• The affirmative nosotros/as command "vamos a +" means let's go do _
• Using the ir nosotros/as command: Affirmative - vamos, negative - no vayamos
• Spanish past participles with -ar are formed by ending with -ado
• Spanish past participles with -ir or -er are formed by ending with -ido
• Past participles of -er and -ir verbs whose stems end in -a, -e, or -o carry a written accent mark on the i of the -ido ending.
• Irregular past participles: abrir - abierto, decir - dicho, describir - descrito, descubrir - descubierto, escribir - escrito, hacer - hecho, morir - muerto, poner - puesto, resolver - resuelto, romper - roto, ver - visto, vuelto - volver