AP Psychology

• Psychology( study of the mind)


  Scientific study of behavior and mental processes of humans and animals
• Willem Wundt


  Father of Psychology

  • Established first psych lab to study the atoms of the mind (mental processes)
  • The Borth of Psychology as true science
• Sociales & Plato (Greek Philosophers)

  • Believed the mind is separate from the body and continúes after the body dies
  • Knowledge is preexistente
• Aristotle


  Knowledge is NOT preexisting but gained through our experiences stored in our memories
• John Locke

  • British philosopher
  • Argued the mind at birth is a tabula rosa- a blank slate on which experience writes
• Empiricism


  The idea that knowledge comes from experiences

  • Observation + experimentation= scientific knowledge
• Structuralism

  • Used introspection (inward self-reflection) to identify what the mind and the consciousness were
  • Introduced by Willem Wundt & Edward Titchner
• Functionalism

  • Thinking is adaptive consciousness serves as a survival function ( how the mind & consciousness worked)
  • Turned into modern evolutionary perspective
  • Founder: William James (wrote 1st Psych Textbook)
• Mary Whiton Calkins

  • Became first female president of American Psychological Association (APA)
  • Admitted by William James but her PhD was
• Margaret Floy Washburn

  • 1st women to receive a Psychology PhD.
  • Synthesized animal behavior research
  • 2nd female presidente of the APA
• AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

  • APA
  • Largest organization of psych with 16000 members world-wide
  • Funds research, publiques journals, & establishes ethical a d practical guidelines for prfofessionals to follow
• 7 Modern Perspectives

  • Evolutionary: natural selection/ evolutionary advantage
  • Psychodynamic: unconscious mind
  • Behavioral: environmental influences
  • Cognitive: processes of the mind
  • Humnaistic: choice and growth
  • Socialcultural: society & culture
  • Biological: physiological processes
• Behavioral Perspective


  • Focused on observable and learned behaviors
  • Believed that observation of behavior was more scientific than introspection
  • People and animals are controlled by/reacting to their environment
• John B. Watson


  The Founder of Behaviorism
• B.F. Skinner


  The Father of Operant Conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov


  Father of Classical Conditioning
• Psychodynamic Perspective


  Behavior is determined by past & childhood experiences found deep in the unconscious mind

  • Sigmund Freud: Father of Pscyanalysis
• Humanistic Perspective

  • Human capacity for choice and growth (focus on future)
  • (+) Outlook on people related to their motivation to fulfill their potential
  • Carl Rogers: Father of humanism
• Cognitive Perspective 


  How mental processes such as memroy, intelligence, problem-solving, percepción, language, & learning influence behavior

  • Jean Piaget: cognitive development theory changed how we look at children development
  • Childen have different thought processes than adults
• Conceptual Revolutions

  • Psychoanalisis: Sigmund Freud
  • Behaviorism: John B. Watson (founder) & B.F. Skinner
  • Humanism: Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers