the industrial revolution

• Factories were powered by coal-fired steam engines, which led to increased pollution and environmental damage.
• Child labor was common during this time period due to high demand for cheap labor.
• Industrialisation brought about new forms of employment, with many people moving into factory work.
• Working conditions in factories were often dangerous and unhealthy due to lack of regulation and safety measures.
• history


  the study of the past
• source


  evidence, somewhere we can get information from
• primary sources 


  anything created in the time period you are studying
• secondary source


  anything about the time period but was created after the time period
• inference


  making an educated guess
• historical concepts

  1. significance -> the importance of sth
  2. evidence
  3. change and continuity -> events that change the way people live
  4. causes and consequences
  5. perspectives
  6. ethical dimensions
• imperialism 


  a policy of extending authority over another or people, often through forces
• colonialism


  a country going outside it's borders to claim land
• why did some countries expand to other countries around the world?

  • to spread religion
  • to trade
  • for pride
  • for resources
  • overpopulation
• remaining architecture and land is evidence that imperialism happened
• some countries had head starts for industrial revolutions as they had more resources
• the beginning of the industrial revolution


  15th century
• the center of the industrial revolution


  europe
• The British Empire

  • late 16th century to 18th century
  • largest empire in history
  • foremost global power for a century
  • had influence over more than 400 million
• industrial revolution began in Britain
• a revolution


  a fundamental change in power or organisational structure that takes place in a relatively short period of time
• fundamental


  structural base
• organisational structures include the government
• industrial revolution is the fundamental changes in the ways of production from human labour to machines
• the approximate time of industrial revolution


  1760s-1840s
• why did the industrial revolution start in Britain?

  1. rise in population
  2. agricultural revolution
  3. raw materials
  4. geographical location
  5. government stability
• rise in population

  • more people, more work
  • better food, healthcare and earlier marriages lead to more births
  • production increased
  • more workers in factories
  • inventors were pushed to make better machines
• agricultural revolution

  • increase in agricultural production due to increase in labour
  • mid 17th - late 19th centuries
  • revolution in the methods of farming
  • results in larger farms and faster productions
  • made people richer and more money to invest
• raw materials

  • easy to access materials
  • steam engines pumping water out of mines increased availability of coal
  • raw materials powered new inventions
  • coal powered steam engines were invented and they can power a large number of machines
  • steam engines made transport easier so raw materials were transported quickly around the country
• geographical location

  • being on an island meant they had mature sea trade
  • lots of space for ports and ships
  • made a strong navy and army
  • able to map out sea routes and trade routes
  • trade was sophisticated
• government stability

  • policies made it easy for business and trades
  • taxes were low
  • ideal time to start new businesses
  • no invaders, relatively peaceful in Britain
• why did countries expand?

  1. God
  2. Gold
  3. Glory
• god


  to spread their religious beliefs to other countries by humanitarian work
• gold


  for money and resources
• glory


  for the pride of a country as they thought that their culture was superior and that they were doing people a favor