2. Sensory neurone sends message to central nervous system
3. Central nervous system sends message via motor neurone to effectors (muscle)
Brain
Controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body
Spinal Cord
Carries nerve signals to and from your brain to your body. These nerve signals help you feel sensations and move your body
Parts of a neuron
Axon Terminal
Myelin
Axon
Soma/cell body
Nucleus
Dendrites
Axon Terminal
Stores neurotransmitters and transmits messages to other cells using the neurotransmitters at the synapses
Myelin
Insulation sheath covering nerves increases the speed of nerve impulses
Axon
Carries nerve impulses away from cell body
Soma/cell body
Performs cell functions
Nucleus
Controls the neurone
Dendrites
Receives messages from other nerve cells and sends them to cell body
Parts of a synapse
Axon of presynaptic neurone
Axon terminal
Neurotransmitter
Dendrite
Axon of presynaptic neurone
Carries electrical signal away from cell body
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger that travels across the synapse
Dendrite
Has receptors that receive the neurotransmitter and initiate the electrical signal to travel towards the cell body
Cerebral Cortex
Carries out essential functions of your brain, like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory function
Frontal Lobe
Voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions
Parietal Lobe
Receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain
Temporal Lobe
Processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory
Occipital Lobe
Visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation
Parts of the brain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Front part of brain containing the Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature, speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning
Thalamus
Receives information from the body's senses (except smell) and processes them to send to cerebral cortex for interpretation
Hypothalamus
Produces hormones that control body functions such as body temperature, heart rate; hunger and mood
Midbrain
Transmits information necessary for vision and hearing. Also plays a role in arousal and the sleep/wake cycle
Parts of the Hindbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Unconscious movements and processes including sleeping and breathing
Medulla oblongata
Links cardiovascular and respiratory systems and controls heart rate, breathing and blood pressure
Cerebellum
"Little brain", coordinates balance and movement
Parts of the Limbic System
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Plays a central role in emotional responses e.g. pleasure, fear, anxiety and anger. Also responsible for our emotional memory -stronger emotion = stronger memory of that event
Hippocampus
Memory centre of the brain (long term memory) and also plays a role in spatial orientation and navigation
Parts of the Learning Curve
Minimal improvement
Rapid improvement
Learning new skill
Minimal improvement
Skill is established and improvement rate decreases or plateaus
Rapid improvement
Ability to perform task improves rapidly as skill level increases
Learning new skill
Slow improvement due to acquiring the needed skills
Mental Imagery
Mental Practice- Allows a person to visually rehearse a performance in their mind
Motivation Theories
Performance Goal Theory/Achievement Goal Theory
Cognitive Evaluation Theory
Incentive Theory
Self Efficacy Theory
Choking
Failure to perform near optimal levels when under intense pressure