Mendel & Heredity

• Gregor Mendel

  Also known as the, "Father of Genetics," an Augustinian monk, Biologist, Mathematician, and Meteorologist. Was born on July 20, 1822.
• Genetics is the study of heredity; how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
• Heredity is the passing of physical characteristics genetically from one person to another.
• Genes are made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after the another at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.
• What does genes control?

  It controls inheritance traits.
• Mendel crossed purple flower pea plants with white flowered pea plants.
• Physical features that are inherited.


  Characters
• One of several possible forms of a character.

  Trait
• Offspring of a cross between parents with different traits.


  Hybrid
• Gives the flower a unique shape and has color to attract insect.


  Petals
• Produces nectar.


  Nectary
• Small part growing base of the petals, looks like tiny leaves.


  Sepals
• A thicken part that holds the major organs.


  Peduncles
• The male organ of the flower that contains 2 parts: Anther and Filoment.


  Stamen
• The ovule producing part of a flower. It has 3 parts: Stigma, Style, and Ovary.


  Pistil or Carpel
• Sticky structure that pollen attaches to.


  Stigma
• Supports the stigma, connects the stigma to the ovary.


  Style
• Produces the female gamete (within the ovule). It will develop into the fruit.

  Ovary
• Contains the female gamete. It will later develop into a seed.

  Ovule
• Mendel manually took pollen from an anther (male) and transferred it to the stigma (female).


  Pollination
• A process in which a flower will pollinate itself or another flower on the same plant.

  Self-pollination
• A process in which a flower will pollinate a flower on a different plant.


  Cross pollination
• A plant that is pure for a trait; when self-pollinated, its offspring will always have that same trait.


  True-Breeding
• The allele whose trait is always expressed.

  Dominant Allele
• Not expressed when a dominant allele is present.

  Recessive Allele
• All the allele/genes inherited; an individual's genetic information.


  Genotype
• The physical expression of one's genotype.


  Phenotype
• Genotype with 2 identical alleles.

  Homozygous
• Genotype with 2 different alleles.

  Heterozygous
• Model/tool that predicts the outcomes of a genetic cross.

  Punnett squares
• A cross between individual's involving one trait.


  Monohybrid Cross
• An allele does not completely dominate another; phenotype will be a blend.

  Incomplete Dominance
• Both alleles for a trait are fully expressed.

  Codominance
• A trait has 3 or more possible alleles.


  Multiple alleles