community ecology (chapter 45)

• community ecology


  species interactions within an environment and how it affects population growth
• competition


  affects species utilizing a similar and limited resource at the same time and place
• competition intensity depends on similarity of species niche
• niche


  the role a species plays in a community and the habitat and resource requirements needed for it to survive and reproduce
• fundamental niche


  potential space and resources a species uses
• realized niche


  actual space and resources a species uses
• competition negatively impacts all individuals involved
• competitive exclusion

  one species wins and the other becomes locally extinct
• resource partitioning


  each species uses different resources when they occur in the same area
• in predation, one individual benefits (predator) and the other is harmed (prey)
• predator-prey interactions create cycles of fluctuation populations
• mutualism positively impacts all individuals involved
• mutualism leads to coevolution
• in commensalism, one species benefits, the other is unaffected
• succession


  process of species replacing each other in a given area
• primary succession


  process of species replacing each other in an area with no soil
• primary succession occurs on newly formed land masses and areas after volcanic eruption or other major disturbances
• secondary succession


  process of species replacing each other in an area, after a disturbance event with soil still present or after primary succession
• secondary succession occurs on previously modified land masses and where primary colonizers have made it hospitable