Biomolecules

    Cards (40)

    • Biomolecules
      Inorganic molecules produced by living organisms
    • Major categories of biomolecules
      • Carbohydrates
      • Lipids
      • Proteins
      • Nucleic acids
    • Monomers
      Atoms that bond together to form more complex structures
    • Types of monomers
      • Sugars (monosaccharides)
      • Amino acids
      • Fatty acids
      • Nucleotides
    • Carbohydrates
      Polymers formed by linking monosaccharides
    • Proteins
      Polymers formed by linking amino acids
    • Lipids
      Fats and fat-like substances including fatty acids and glycerol
    • Nucleic acids
      Polymers formed by linking nucleotides, contain genetic information
    • Reading food labels
      • Helps make food choices
      • Informs people with food allergies
      • Informs about additives to avoid
      • Helps manage weight and improve health
    • Carbohydrates
      Major source of energy in the body, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • Main groups of carbohydrates
      • Monosaccharides
      • Disaccharides
      • Polysaccharides
    • Monosaccharides
      Simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed further
    • Monosaccharides
      • Glucose
      • Fructose
      • Galactose
      • Mannose
    • Disaccharides
      Complex sugars made of two monosaccharides chemically joined
    • Disaccharides
      • Sucrose
      • Maltose
      • Lactose
    • Polysaccharides
      Complex sugars made of chains and/or branches of monosaccharides
    • Polysaccharides
      • Starch
      • Cellulose
      • Glycogen
    • Lipids
      Organic substances including fats and fat-like substances, generally hydrophobic and insoluble in water
    • Lipids
      • Sources and storage of energy
      • Essential parts of cell structures
      • Insulating material to prevent heat loss
      • Solvent for fat-soluble vitamins and hormones
      • Prevents water loss from skin
    • Types of fatty acids
      • Saturated
      • Unsaturated
    • Saturated fatty acids
      Solid at room temperature, mostly found in animals
    • Unsaturated fatty acids
      Liquid at room temperature, mostly found in plants
    • Other lipids
      • Phospholipids
      • Waxes
      • Steroids
      • Triglycerides
      • Sphingolipids
    • Biomolecules
      Inorganic molecules produced by living organisms
    • Major categories of biomolecules

      • Carbohydrates
      • Lipids
      • Proteins
      • Nucleic acids
    • Monomers

      Atoms that bond together to form more complex structures
    • Types of monomers

      • Sugars (monosaccharides)
      • Amino acids
      • Fatty acids
      • Nucleotides
    • Classes of biomolecules

      • Carbohydrates
      • Lipids
      • Proteins
      • Nucleic acids
    • Reasons for reading food labels

      • Helps make food choices
      • Informs people with food allergies
      • Informs about additives to avoid
      • Helps manage weight and improve health
    • Carbohydrates
      Major source of energy in the body, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • Main groups of carbohydrates

      • Monosaccharides
      • Disaccharides
      • Polysaccharides
    • Monosaccharides
      Simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler sugars
    • Disaccharides
      Complex sugars made up of two monosaccharides chemically joined together
    • Polysaccharides
      Complex sugars made up of chains and/or branches of monosaccharides formed by condensation reactions
    • Lipids
      Organic substances that include fats and fat-like substances, generally hydrophobic and insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
    • Lipids
      • Sources and storage of energy, essential parts of cell structures, insulating material, solvent for fat-soluble vitamins and hormones, prevents water loss from skin
    • Types of fatty acids

      • Saturated
      • Unsaturated
    • Saturated fatty acids

      • Lard, margarine, butter
    • Unsaturated fatty acids
      • Vegetable oil, corn oil
    • Other lipids

      • Phospholipids
      • Waxes
      • Steroids
      • Triglycerides
      • Sphingolipids