Biomolecules

• Biomolecules


  Inorganic molecules produced by living organisms
• Major categories of biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
• Monomers


  Atoms that bond together to form more complex structures
• Types of monomers

  • Sugars (monosaccharides)
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids
  • Nucleotides
• Carbohydrates


  Polymers formed by linking monosaccharides
• Proteins


  Polymers formed by linking amino acids
• Lipids


  Fats and fat-like substances including fatty acids and glycerol
• Nucleic acids


  Polymers formed by linking nucleotides, contain genetic information
• Reading food labels


  • Helps make food choices
  • Informs people with food allergies
  • Informs about additives to avoid
  • Helps manage weight and improve health
• Carbohydrates


  Major source of energy in the body, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Main groups of carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides


  Simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed further
• Monosaccharides

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
  • Mannose
• Disaccharides


  Complex sugars made of two monosaccharides chemically joined
• Disaccharides

  • Sucrose
  • Maltose
  • Lactose
• Polysaccharides


  Complex sugars made of chains and/or branches of monosaccharides
• Polysaccharides

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen
• Lipids


  Organic substances including fats and fat-like substances, generally hydrophobic and insoluble in water
• Lipids


  • Sources and storage of energy
  • Essential parts of cell structures
  • Insulating material to prevent heat loss
  • Solvent for fat-soluble vitamins and hormones
  • Prevents water loss from skin
• Types of fatty acids

  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
• Saturated fatty acids


  Solid at room temperature, mostly found in animals
• Unsaturated fatty acids


  Liquid at room temperature, mostly found in plants
• Other lipids

  • Phospholipids
  • Waxes
  • Steroids
  • Triglycerides
  • Sphingolipids
• Biomolecules


  Inorganic molecules produced by living organisms
• Major categories of biomolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
• Monomers


  Atoms that bond together to form more complex structures
• Types of monomers


  • Sugars (monosaccharides)
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids
  • Nucleotides
• Classes of biomolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
• Reasons for reading food labels


  • Helps make food choices
  • Informs people with food allergies
  • Informs about additives to avoid
  • Helps manage weight and improve health
• Carbohydrates


  Major source of energy in the body, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Main groups of carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides


  Simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler sugars
• Disaccharides


  Complex sugars made up of two monosaccharides chemically joined together
• Polysaccharides


  Complex sugars made up of chains and/or branches of monosaccharides formed by condensation reactions
• Lipids


  Organic substances that include fats and fat-like substances, generally hydrophobic and insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
• Lipids


  • Sources and storage of energy, essential parts of cell structures, insulating material, solvent for fat-soluble vitamins and hormones, prevents water loss from skin
• Types of fatty acids


  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
• Saturated fatty acids


  • Lard, margarine, butter
• Unsaturated fatty acids


  • Vegetable oil, corn oil
• Other lipids


  • Phospholipids
  • Waxes
  • Steroids
  • Triglycerides
  • Sphingolipids