CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

• A condition where the forward and reverse reaction rates of a reversible reaction are equal and constant.

  Chemical Equilibrium
• Turn back to its opposite direction.

  Reverse
• Onward, to make progress.

  Forward
• Equilibrium means balanced due to equal action of opposing forces.
• The reaction rates of both the reactants and products are the same unless there will be disturbance.


  Dynamic Equilibrium
• When a chemical equilibrium is disturbed, it reacts toward the direction of the reaction that will lead the system toward the reattainment of equilibrium.

  Le Chatalier's Principle
• Changing Temperature

  Higher temperature means more heat, then it will shift to the other side to use of some excess heat and relieve the disturbance.
• Changing Concentration

  If we add some to the reactants, that will unbalance the equilibrium and the forward reaction will speed up to use up some of the additional reactants, and turn them into products and restore equilibrium. Therefore, the equilibrium is shifted to the right
• Changing Pressure

  • Pressure increases the concentration of the gas phase only.
  • Low Pressure decreases the concentration of the gas phase
  • If we increase the volume thereby lowering the pressure, the equilibrium would ship toward the side with more particles in order to regain some of the lost pressure.
• The ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of product and reactant at a given temperature.

  Equilibrium Constant (k)