final geology

• The COP 15 meeting in Montreal in 2022, was important because: It produced a new global biodiversity framework for post-2020 biodiversityconservation planning
• The new Global Biodiversity Framework has a specific target to ensure gender equality: true
• Which of the following best reflects how power works, as discussed in Module 3: Power comes in many forms, including power over, power with, and power to. Power is always relational, mixed with resistance.
• The interaction between gender and other social identities such as race, class, age and religion is known as: intersectionality
• Which of the following is TRUE about environmental racism?

  It includes the intentional and unintentional placement of environmentalharms in communities of color
• Which of the following are TRUE about the relationship between climate change and gender around the world?


  Climate change affects women more than men because women often have fewer rights and access to knowledge. Women are often more affected by climate change because they are often responsible for farming and collecting water and fuelwood
• Wangari Maathai’s movement in Kenya was:political movement, against the Kenyan government, An environmental movement against deforestation and degradation, A women’s rights movement, A community-based training and support project
• Wangari Maathai’s movement in Kenya was


  A political movement, against the Kenyan government. An environmental movement against deforestation and degradation. A women’s rights movement. A community-based training and support project
• The term “intersectionality”, refers to the fact that


  Individuals are simultaneously subjected to different, intersected identities such as class, gender, race, age, etc
• Which of the following is an example of slow violence as discussed in class and in your reading by Rob Nixon

  Climate change, Deforestation, Soil erosion, poverty
• Gender


  The socially constructed and performed roles, behaviors, activities, andattributes a given society considers appropriate for males and females.
• Gender Mainstreaming

  bringing attention to gender into every aspect of policy making, development and environment work. the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. It is a strategy for making the concerns and experiences of women as well as of men an integral part of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and
• Politics


  power dynamics (collaborative and competitive) between people andinstitutions that govern access to and management of resources.
• Political ecology (PE)


  an analytical approach that exposes the power dynamics(politics) that define people’s unequal access to and control of resources across scales (household, local, global), and the various ways that nature-society relations are coproduced
• Feminist Political Ecology (FPE)


  presents gender as a key relation within political ecology analyses, recognizing gender as a part of larger intersectional identities. It also takes seriously gendered knowledge and emotions
• Gender and Environment is not just about understanding the relationshipbetween women and the environment, but the relationship between women and men. It is about how gender relations are understood and how environment itself is defined
• Power, social relations, gender norms, differential access to resources, land, and participation in decision making, different knowledge, experiences, and needs... all effect how people interact with the environment, how they face and deal with risk, and environmental resources are managed.
• The reading by Farhana Sultana already had sections highlighted for you. Focus onthese highlights and the examples she provides to show the various ways in which the effects of climate change (i.e. increased extreme events like floods, hurricane, droughts) and the effects of slow changes in water levels, forest cover agricultural production, effect men and womendifferently. How? Is it because of biological differences? Look at culturally produced gender norms, social relations, labor and responsibilities as well as rights and access
• The second set of readings on Katrina highlight why the effects of ‘natural’ disasters are not always natural but extremely social.
• unnatural disasters are caused by human activity and are not natural
• Environmental racism is the unequal treatment of people based on their race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status
• Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of their race, color, national origin, or income
• Slow Violence: a term coined by Rob Nixon to refer to the slow, often unrecognized violence that occurs to people and environments over long periods of time with perhaps less immediate ‘dramatic’ effects, but persistent, accumulative, long term effects. Examples includeclimate change and poverty, but also soil erosion and deforestation
• Racial disparities in healthcare are due to: discrimination in healthcare access and quality
• NIMBY: a person who objects to the siting of something perceived as unpleasant or hazardous in the area where they live, especially while raising no such objections to similar developments elsewhere
• Climate Justice is the idea that everyone should have access to the resources they need to live a healthy life
• Biodiversity (biological diversity)


  the sum total of diverse ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity within species.
• Biodiversity conservation


  focus on the conservation of biological diversity across scales (genetic, species, landscapes)
• Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD) - An international agreement that aims to protect biodiversity
• COP15


  Occurred in 2022 (Kunming, China, Montreal, Canada). The production of a post 2020 biodiversity plan. A new Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Calls for ‘transformative change’. 3030 plan (protect 30% of the planet by 2030), Target 23 for Gender Equality.
• Community-based Conservation


  conservation that works to include communities in benefit sharing, management and planning, but often assumes communities are homogenous
• Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) - aims to protect wildlife and wild places, and to conserve biodiversity
• Gender responsive approaches are approaches that consider the gender of the audience when creating content.
• Gender Transformative approaches: Aims to challenge gender stereotypes and challenge the gender binary
• Maasai (Pastoralist/agro-pastoralist communities in Tanzania and Kenya)
• Soliga (Tribal forest dwelling community in South India)
• Rio Declaration in 1992: 179 countries agreed to protect the environment
• Positionality: One’s position in relation to others; Recognition and declaration of one’s position (individual identity + Institutional privilege/oppression)
• Reflexivity requires us to “reflect on how one is inserted in grids of power relations and how that influences methods, interpretations, and knowledge production” (Sultana, 2007)
• Feminism: the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes