m5

Cards (20)

  • Intravenous Admixtures
    Combination of sterile added to an IV fluid for parenteral administration
    • IV admixtures are considered as sterile and pyrogen free
    • In the preparation of IV admixtures, aseptic technique must be followed
  • Aseptic Technique
    • Manipulating sterile products without compromising sterility
    • Most important factors to prevent contamination of sterile products
    – Proper use of Laminar airflow workbench/ hood (LAFW/ LAFH)
    – Strict aseptic technique
  • Parenteral, Ophthalmic, Irrigation products

    • Free from chemical and physical contaminants
    accurately and correctly compounded
    sterile
    pyrogen free
    stable until beyond use date
    • Properly packaged and labeled for use
  • Packaging Requirements
    • Choice of package for sterile preparation should take into account the use of the preparation
    • Final container for a compounded sterile preparation must:
    – Be sterile and maintain the sterility of the preparation to the beyond use date
    protect the final preparation from chemical degradation especially if it is photosensitive
  • Labeling Requirements
    • Proper labeling is integral in safe medication system, because it
    identifies the following:
    medication
    quantity of the medication
    for who the medication is for
    dose of the medication
  • SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS for Labeling
    Name and amount or concentrations of ingredients
    Total volume of the compounded sterile preparation/IV admixture
    Beyond use date
    • Appropriate route of administration
    Storage conditions
    Cautionary statements, initials of responsible pharmacists, disposal instructions
  • PATIENT SPECIFIC Labeling
    • Patient name
    • Patient identification number
    • Patient location or room number
    • Name and amount of drugs added and the name of the admixture solution
  • Drug Incompatibility
    • Occurs when one drug is mixed with others and produces unsuitable products that are no longer safe or effective for
    patient’s use
    • Types
    physical Incompatibilities
    chemical Incompatibilities
    therapeutic Incompatibilities
  • Factors Affecting Compatibility
    pH of admixture
    Complexation
    Light
    Degree of dilution
    Time
    Parenteral solution
    Temperature
    Buffer capacity of additive or solution
    • Order of mixing
  • Medication administration of IV fluids
    • IV Bolus
    • IV Push
    Continuous IV
    Intermittent IV
    – IV Piggyback
    Heparin Lock
    • IV Pump
  • IV Bolus
    • Injection of small amount of undiluted medication either directly into the
    vein
    heparin lock
    Port on the IV tubing
    • Used to achieve an immediate effect
    • Example: Lasix 20 mg push now
  • PATIENT SPECIFIC Labeling • Time and date of scheduled administration • Time and date of preparation • Administration instructions • Initials of the persons who prepared and check the IV admixture
  • Continuous IV
    • AKA: drip infusion
    slower, primary line infusion of an IV
    preparation
    • Used to achieve maintenance of either:
    therapeutic drug level
    –Fluid and electrolyte replacement
  • Continuous IV

    • Hung at the patient’s beside
    • Allowed to drip slowly into a vein by:
    gravity flow
    Electrical battery-operated volumetric infusion
    pumps
  • Intermittent IV Infusion
    • Used to achieve specific interval of drug administration (Ex: q4h, q6h, q12h)
    • IV piggyback falls under this category
  • IV Piggyback
    • Medication is added to a small volume container
    • Then, connected as a secondary infusion to a primary IV line
  • Heparin Lock
    • AKA: heparin well system
    • Medical device
    • Consists of an IV needle attached to a short plastic tube which ends in a rubber seal
  • IV Pump
    • Delivers fluids, nutrients and medications into a patient’s body in controlled amounts
    • Example: Alaris IV Pump
  • Alaris IV Pumps
    • Has a variety of IV administration sets available for:
    – Primary set-up for continuous infusion
    – Secondary set-up for intermittent infusion
    • All sets consist of IV tubings, some types of drip chamber, a regulator clamp and protective caps to maintain sterility
  • Alaris IV Pumps
    • Size of the opening into the drip chamber determines the size of the drop delivered
    MACRODRIP sets
    Delivers 10, 15 or 20 drops per mL
    –For quick and large infusion
    MICRODRIP sets
    – Deliver 60 drops per mL
    – designed to administer small and very precise amount of fluid