Memory

• Encoding 


  The conversion of information into a usable form so that it can be neurologically represented (‘placed’) and stored in memory
• Storage


  The retention of the encoded information over time
• Retrieval 


  The recovery of stored information and bringing into conscious awareness for use when needed.
• Atkinson-Shiffrin multistore model of memory

  A model of memory which outlines the three separate stores of memory (sensory, short-term, and long-term) each of which interact through the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval
• iconic memory is used to describe visual sensory memory — the brief sensory memory for incoming visual information
• echoic memory is used to describe auditory sensory memory — the brief sensory memory for incoming auditory information
• The capacity of Sensory Memory is unlimited
• The capacity of Short-term memory is 7 +- 2 pieces of information
• The capacity of long-term memory is unlimited
• The duration of sensory memory is 0.2 -4 seconds
• The duration of short-term memory is 15-30 seconds
• The duration of long-term memory is potentially permanent
• Amygdala


  Primarily involved in encoding the emotional components of memories.
• Hippocampus


  turns short-term memories into long-term memories AND, consolidates new semantic and episodic memories so that they are neurologically stable and long-lasting, is not directly involved in the formation of implicit procedural or classically conditioned memories.
• basal ganglia 


  involved in encoding and storing procedural memories and classically conditioned memories that are associated with unconscious habits, behaviours, or procedures.
• cerebellum


  encodes and stores implicit procedural memories
• Explicit memory is a subtype of long-term memory and is when information can be consciously or intentionally retrieved and stated.
• Episodic memory is a type of explicit memory that consists of personal experiences or events.
• Semantic memory is a type of explicit memory that consists of general knowledge or facts.
• "semantic" think facts
• "episodic" think personal experiences
• Implicit memory involves memory that does not require conscious or intentional retrieval just something you know how to do
• Implicit memory also includes simple classically conditioned responses such as fears
• Procedural memory is the memory of motor skills and actions that have been learned previously. It involves memories of ‘how to do something’
• semantic memory is encoded by amygdala, hippocampus and stored by neocortex
• episodic memory is encoded by amygdala, hippocampus and stored by neocortex
• classically conditioned memory is encoded by amygdala, hippocampus and temporarily stored by cerebellum and permanently in neocortex
• procedural memory is encoded by cerebellum, basal ganglia and temporarily stored by cerebellum, permanently in neocortex
• autobiographical events are stored in long-term memory and are retrieved every time

  you think or speak about them
• Alzhemier's Disease Is a neurodegenerative disease linked to damaged neurons, resulting in progressive memory failure and loss
• Alzheimer's affecting brain. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles inhibit communication outside neurons and inhibit transportation of essential substances
• As damage can be associated with the hippocampus, patients with Alzheimer’s disease may struggle to remember semantic and episodic components of personally experienced events.
• Aphantasia Is a phenomenon, in which individuals lack the capacity to generate mental imagery.
• Mnemonics devices or techniques used to aid the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
• Writtern Traditions - Practices in which knowledge, stories, and customs are preserved and shared through writing and reading.
• method of loci, a mnemonic device that converts items into mental images and associates them with specific locations to aid memory
• Oral traditions practices in which knowledge, stories, and customs are

  preserved and shared through spoken word and movement.
• Sung narratives, stories that share important cultural, ecological, and survival information through the use of singing, harmony, and rhythm.
• Song lines: multimodal performances conducted as a family or community travels through Country and spaces in the landscape that record journeys, link important sites, and describe ways to live, care for, and nurture Country.
• Possible Imagined Futures: Hypothetical experiences and situations that an individual has the ability to create and conceptualise in their mind.