Nutrition and Energy Transfer

• Nutrition - pattern to attain good fitness and better athletic performance
• Sports Nutrition

  • science that requires understanding factor affecting performance, recovery, and health
  • knowledge of nutritional value of food and fluids for implementation of nutritional strategies in daily training and competition
• Nutrients

  • subtances in food to obtain energy, synthesize tissue, or regulate function
  • essential chemical in food that body needs
• Antioxidant - a subtance that combines, preventing oxidative damage to cells and tissues
• Phytochemicals - subtances in plants that may possess health-protective effects
• Micronutrients - vitamins and minerals needed in large amount of diet
• Macronutrients - carbs, fats, protein that need for large amounts in diet
• Carbohydrates

  • three main classes of food and source of energy
  • sugars and straches that body breakdown into glucose
  • source of fuel for body
• Tyes of Carbohydrates

  • Simple sugar
  • Dissacharide: double sugar
  • Complex carbohydrates (indigestible)
• Simple sugar - monosaccharide consist of single sugar molecules

  1. Glucose (most abundant single sugar in nature)
  2. Fructose (sweetest of all sugar or fruit sugar)
  3. Galactose (as a monosaccharide in food)
• Disaccharide: double sugar (least sweet sugar)

  -sucrose (common table sugar)

  -Lactose (milk sugar)

  -maltose (malt sugar)
• Complex Carbohydrates

  • Polysaccharide (poly-many) o starch (digestible) o fiber (non-digestible)
  • Oligosaccharide (oligo-scant) - this formed when two or more monosaccharide join together by O-glycosidic
• Fats

  • used to describe a class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called triglycerides
  • these make up three class macronutrients including protein and carbs
• Saturated fat - solid at room and can raise your cholesterol
• Trans fat - artificial fats added to food, FDA removed them
• Monounsaturated fat - better for you when consumed in moderation. Liquid at room temperature, and solid when chilled
• Polyunsaturated - better for you when and can lower your cholesterol
• Protein - naturally occurring, complex subtance consist of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
• Antibodies - bind to specific particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to protect your body
• Enzymes - carry out chemical reactions that take place in cells. Assist formation in new molecules by reading genetic information in DNA.
• Messenger - transmits signals to coordinate biological processes between cells, tissues, and organs.
• Structural component - provide structure and support for cells, also allow the body to move
• Transport/storage - bind and carry atoms, small molecules within cells throughout the body
• Kilocalorie - specific measurement or unit of that energy
• Carbohydrates loading - results in an additional storage of glycogen in muscle fiber
• Hypoglycaemia - also occur leading to fatigue, restleness, mental disturbances, irritability, and weakness
• Tapering - refers to reducing exercise in the days before competition
• Modified Cardbohydrate Loading - emphasizes a slow downward taper in duration or intensity of the training regimen
• Short Carbs Loading technigue - effective in achieving glycogen super compensation
• Fat Plus Carboyhydrates - one day of carbs loading with fat loading
• Eating Disorder - disturbances of eating habits or weight control behavior that result in significant psychosocial and physical health
• Anorexia Disorder - eating disorder characterized by self-induced weight loss, intense fear of fatness
• Bulimia Disorder - eating dissorder marked by an unrealistic appraisal of body weight or shape that is manifested by altering bingeing
• Binge Eating Disorder - compulsive overeating while feeling unable stop and loss a control
• Cellular Respiration - process which cell transfer energy from food to ATP, relies heavily on the use of oxygen
• Anaerobic Respiration - does not require oxygen, nor utilizing oxygen
• Aerobic Respiration - occurs in the present of oxygen, requires or utilizes oxygen