POL3212 FINALS CHAPTER 8 AND 9 ABINALES, & DEMOCRACY

• Marcos Sr. was called a _________ for his skills to negotiate under the table and gain alliances

  backroom dealer
• Practice of party-switching or balimbing before elections

  turncoatism
• Marcos Sr.'s campaign slogan for his first term

  "This nation can be great again"
• Marcos recognized these 2 realities when the congress was full of liberals during his first 2 years

  1) Agriculture

  2) Executive power through veto
• Marcos's rural development strategy to increase rice productivity and rice self-sufficiency

  Green Revolution
• Marcos upgraded rural education with the construction of ______________" prefab buildings designed for public elementary and secondary education

  "Marcos schoolhouses"
• This legislation encouraged investors of foreign capital to participate in domestic industrial development and to use the country as a base for export production


  Investment Incentives Act
• Marcos deployed the executive agencies of his predecessors which are

  PIA (Macapagal) and PACD (Magsaysay)
• Rival of Marcos who accused Marcos of massive vote buying and organized terrorism. (First reelection)

  Sergio Osmena Jr.
• became the most vocal and dynamic of the PKP's new front organization. Established by Jose Maria Sison

  KM (Kabataang Makabayan)
• The youth sector of the PKP had influence from this figure which incited words from his "little red book"

  Mao Tse-tung
• The expulsion and their reestablishment of the party in 1968 led to the forming of the ___________________

  Communist party of the Philippines (CPP)
• The CPP was buoyed by the proliferation of "________________" organizations in schools throughout Manila

  National Democratic Ogranizations
• According to Jose Maria Sison the youth face two problems which are

  US Imperialism and Feudalism
• The meeting between Jose Maria Sison and Bernabe Buscayno led to the formation of the _____________ in 1969

  NPA (New People's Army)
• Demonstrations/protests that happened in 1970 resulted in four students being killed, which inaugurated a year of pitched street battles.

  First Quarter Storm
• The television stations and newspaper highlighted demonstrations potraying Marcos as a puppet of ________________,__________,____________

  imperialism,feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism
• Five major factors have contributed significantly to the occurrence and the timing of the third-wave transitions to democracy

  deepening legitimacy problems of authoritarian regimes

  unprecedented global economic growth of the 1960s

  triking shift in the doctrine and activities of the Catholic Church

  Changes in the policies of external actors

  Snowballing
• Reason for the First Reverse wave

  Coming to power of Mussolini in Italy
• Only region where there are a substantial number of catholics but still a Authoritarian Regime

  Sub-Saharan Africa
• played a key role in consolidating democracy in southern Europe

  European Community
• The withdrawal of _____________ made it possible for the democratization of Eastern Europe

  Soviet Union (USSR)
• The democratic development in Soviet republics is complicated by

  ethnic heterogeneity and the unwillingness of the dominant nationality to allow equal rights to ethnic minorities
• Incentives for Turkey to join the European Community

  reinforce modernizing and democratic tendencies in Turkey and to contain and isolate the forces in Turkey supporting Islamic fundamentalism
• major promoter of democratization

  United States
• The one major country where the United States can still exercise significant influence on behalf of democratization is __________

  Mexico
• These two foreign policy practices of America stimulated demands towards democracy in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia

  The Gulf War and the dispatch of 500,000 American troops
• What the people power is not:

  • not an act of unmediated love of nation or a dissolving of social divisions.
  • not the result of consensus among those social forces, for the revolution was sparked by mistakes made by Marcos (calling the election) and the ac tion of one opposition force (RAM’s coup).
  • not include all the social forces opposing Marcos,
  • not a sustainable political action, even as a form of revolutionary change.
• What the people power is not:

  • not an act of unmediated love of nation or a dissolving of social divisions.
• Cory's political and policy choices would be dictated by:

  contingency, habit, and ideological outlook
• Where did Cory enrolled for in terms of recovery programs

  IMF and World Bank
• Who set the economic agenda in the new government

  technocrats
• Technocracy's role in the Post Marcos period became stronger with what claim

  economic development could succeed if freed from cronies and opposition from the protectionist domestic industrial sector
• When did the new constitutiton got submitted to the popular referendum

  February 1987
• The reinstatement of ____ signalled the return of patronage politics

  pork barrel
• Defense Chief of Aquino

  General Fidel V. Ramos
• Any voluntary organization that is independent of both the government and the private business sectors.

  NGO
• membership-based organizations, like farmer organizations, trade unions, women’s organizations, community or ganizations, and cooperatives, which are set up primarily to promote the in terest of their members.

  PO
• Finance Department and the Central Bank, which sought to shed their Marcos-era cronyism; the Department of Health, which pushed for a generic prescription drug program; and the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

  islands of state strength
• to create an urban-poor agenda for the city government, lobbying for candidates’ commitment to it, staging nonpartisan forums, and then openly endorsing the candidates ‘who can best serve the cause of the urban poor

  Portrait of the Post Marcos Trapo