History

• the past of mankind

  history
• history comes from the Greek word "________" which means "an account of one’s inquiries"

  historia
• study and interpretation of the written record of past human activity, people, societies, and civilizations leading up to the present day

  history
• the raw material of history teaching and learning

  evidence
• as used by the Greek philosopher _________ history meant "a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether chronological ordering"

  Aristotle
• studying history based on how it exists in the observer or historian’s mind

  subjectivity
• based on evidence


  objectivity
• The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past

  historical method
• He wrote his famous account regarding the Peloponnesian war in 5th century BC


  Thucydides
• The documents, physical objects and oral/video accounts made by an individual or a group present at the time and place being described

  primary sources
• Records based on primary sources. They explain a certain event of the past through evaluation and interpretation of the records created during a historical period

  secondary sources
• answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of a historical source by identifying that composed the historical material, locating when and where the historical material was produced, establishing the material’s evidential value

  external criticism
• deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a given historical source

  internal criticism
• more credible sources than narratives


  relics
• intended for public distribution or use

  public document
• These documents are also confidential and are restricted from public use like personal letters, which are in the possession of the recipients

  unpublished documents
• traditions, histories, or stories transferred through generations may tell us something about the past

  oral traditions
• visual documents that tell us several views of the past from the perspectives of creators

  artworks and artifacts
• to teach


  docere
• It is sometimes used to mean a written source of historical information as contrasted with oral testimony or with artifacts, pictorial survivals, and archeological remains

  documents
• records of past events

  historical document
• an account of individual experience which reveals the individual’s actions as a human agent and as a participant in social life

  human document
• any self-revealing record that intentionally or unintentionally yields information regarding the structure, dynamics and functioning of the author’s mental life

  personal document
• What is the goal of historians?

  to reconstruct the total past of humankind
• How is history evaluated?

  through credibility, authenticity, provenance
• the imaginative reconstruction of the past from the date

  historiography
• german word for history

  Geschichte
• to happen


  Geschelen
• they use all forms of evidence to examine, interpret, revisit, and reinterpret the past


  historians
• Historical analysis

  – Selection of a subject for investigation

  – Collection of probably sources of information

  – Examination of sources for genuineness

  – Extraction of credible particulars from sources

  – Historiography (the writing of history),
• ______ ________ with the original records and artifacts invites students to explore the content with active and deeper analysis, and to respond thoughtfully

  direct contacts
• it is developed as students probe the context, purpose, meaning, bias, and perspectives in their analysis of the past

  critical thinking
• Relevance of history

  – Allows us to understand our past, which in turn allows us to understand our present

  – Have a look to history for answers

  – To learn from our mistakes and avoid repeating them in the future
• it was established to store, preserve, conserve, and make available to the public the records, paper, periodicals, books or other items, articles or materials, that have been selected for permanent reservation

  The National Archives of the Philippines
• The repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual, literary and information sources

  The National Library of the Philippines
• Its mission is to acquire, organize, conserve, and preserve Filipiniana materials and provide equitable access to library resources through a system of public libraries throughout the country

  The National Library of the Philippines
• It operates the National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, National Planetarium and other branch museums around the country. Its collection covers fine arts, archeology, ethnography, and natural history

  The National Museum of the Philippines