INTRO TO BIO MOLS

• Monosaccharides

  -Sweet tasting

  -Soluble

  -(CH2O)n, where n can be 3 and 7

  -glucose C6H12O6

  -One sugar
• Disaccharide


  Two sugars joined together (e.g. maltose= glucose+glucose)
• Trisaccharide


  Three sugars joined together
• What also decreases as amount of sugars decreases?

  Solubility
• Polysaccharide


  Many sugars joined together (e.g. starch/cellulose), not very sweet
• Triose= 3-carbon sugar

  Tetrose= 4-carbon sugar

  Pentose=5-carbon sugar e.g. ribose (RNA), deoxyribose (DNA)

  Hexose= 6-carbon sugar e.g. glucose
• What is an isomer?

  An isomer is a molecule that has the same molecular formula as another molecule, but a different arrangement of atoms which leads to different properties
• ALPHA & BETA GLUCOSE

  
• What is glucose + glucose?

  Maltose
• What is glucose + fructose?

  Sucrose
• What is glucose + galactose?

  Lactose
• Is maltose a reducing sugar?

  Yes
• Why are some disaccharides non-reducing sugars?

  They do not reduce copper (II) sulfate
• What does glycosidic bond mean?

  A covalent bond between a sugar molecule and another molecule
• What type of reaction happens between two alpha glucoses called?

  Condensation reaction
• What are the products of: alpha glucose + alpha glucose?

  Maltose + water
• Starch

  -alpha glucose

  -amylose (long chain) 1-4 glycosidic bonds

  -occasional 1-6 bonds introduces branching known as amylopectin

  -found in plants and granules

  -stored in seeds and storage organs

  -major energy source in most diets

  -unbranched parts wind/coil over themselves
• What are the uses of starch?

  Storage of glucose, branching allows quicker hydrolysis (energy release)(enzymes)
• Glycogen

  -more branched than starch

  -faster hydrolysis

  -found in liver muscle
• STARCH

  
• GLYCOGEN

  
• Cellulose

  -beta glucose

  -1-4 glycosidic bonds

  -every 2nd glucose is inverted, exposes polar groups (OH) allowing H bonding

  -forms fibres at right angles
• What is cellulose used for?

  Plant cell walls
• CELLULOSE