school

• marxist Willis


  'lads' developed a subculture as a deliberate act of resistance against capitalist oppression
• four key terms associated with willis?

  • capitalist oppression
  • resistance
  • 'the lads'
  • class oppression
• interactionist view


  children labelled as school failures actually gained a high status from flouting school rules
• Sewell


  African-Caribbean subcultures and suggested that schools were openly racist, and that African Caribbean boys were seen as threatening by teachers
• four key terms associated with sewell

  • innovators
  • African Caribbean boys
  • African Caribbean boys seen as threatening
  • schools openly racist
• Safia Mirza 


  a number of girl cultures in response to teachers, in her view displayed varying forms of racist behaviour
• four key terms associated with Safia Mirza

  • anti school attitudes through success
  • girl cultures responses to racist teachers
  • teachers displayed forms of racist behaviour
  • factors that may include gender and ethnicity
• Mac an Ghaill


  as girls gained status in schools, and are now the gender achieving most educational success, boys have experienced a crisis of masculinity
• carolyn jackson


  ladettes
• lacey


  boys from anti-school subcultures as an alternative route to status
• shain


  a variety of subcultural responses develop in schools among Asian girls in response to social pressure