Chemistry

• Actinides


  Group 3, bottom row, radioactive, metallic elements with similar chemical properties
• Lanthanides


  Group 3, bottom row, rare earth elements with similar chemical properties
• Transition metals


  Groups 3-12, metals that can form ions with different charges, often exhibiting multiple oxidation states
• Representative elements


  Groups 1-12, main group elements that exhibit a wide range of chemical properties
• Noble gases


  Group 18, unreactive gases that do not readily react with other elements
• Halogens


  Group 17, highly reactive nonmetals that readily gain one electron to form a negative ion
• Alkaline earth metals


  Group 2, less reactive metals that readily lose two electrons to form a positive ion
• Alkali metals


  Group 1, highly reactive metals that readily lose one electron to form a positive ion
• How to work out polyatomic ion formula

  1. Use swap and drop

  2. If there's more than 1 then use brackets
• Polyatomic ions


  • Ammonium
  • Nitride
• Polyatomic ions


  • Iron(II) sulphate
  • Fe(SO4)
• Polyatomic ions must gain 1, 2, or 3 extra electrons to exist
• 18-8: stable


  Mass number minus the atomic number = number of neutrons
• Atomic number


  The number of electrons and protons
• The atomic number is 32
• Chemical reactions


  • Involve the outer shell (valence) electrons of atoms sharing or stealing electrons
• Isotopes


  Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• Isotopes have almost identical physical and chemical properties
• Types of elements


  • Metals
  • Non-metals
• Metallic bonding


  Found on the left side of the periodic table
• Formula


  The element symbol, e.g. Na, C, Fe
• Molecule


  A group of atoms joined chemically
• Group 18 noble gases


  Exist as monoatomic molecules
• Compound


  Two or more different elements chemically bonded
• Types of compounds


  • Covalent molecular compounds
  • Ionic compounds
• Covalent molecular compounds


  Formed between non-metals, found on the right side of the periodic table
• Ionic compounds


  Formed between a metal and a non-metal
• The Periodic Groups


  • Group alkaline earths
  • Group 18 Noble gasses
  • Croup alkali metals
  • Group 17: Halogens
  • everything este transition meta