Graphics, Digital Media and Multimedia part 1

• Computer Graphics

  Representation of image data by a computer, specifically with help from specialized hardware and software
• Hardware for computer graphics

  • Graphics Cards
  • Cameras
  • Motion sensors
• Software for computer graphics

  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Unity
  • Blender
• Pixels


  Smallest element in an image, square shape
• Image Dimensions


  Measured by the Width x Height of a digital image
• Graphic Types

  • Bitmap Graphics (Raster graphics)
  • Vector Graphics (Object Oriented Graphics)
• Bitmap/Raster Graphics


  A rectangular grid of pixels, with each pixel's color being specified by a number of bits
• Bitmap/Raster Graphics File Formats

  • JPG
  • BMP
  • PNG
  • GIF
• Bitmap/Raster Graphics Painting Software

  • MS Paint
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • GIMP
• Factors determining image quality in Bitmap/Raster Graphics

  • Color Depth
  • Resolution
• Color Depth


  The number of bits devoted to each pixel
• Simple bit mapped (monochrome)


  Each pixel represented by 1 bit, can be 0 or 1 (Black or White)
• Calculating file size of a simple bitmap imagewith dimensions 250 x 200

  1. Total Number of pixels in the image = 250 * 200 = 50,000 pixels

  2. File size = 50,000 pixels * 1 bit/pixel = 50,000 bits
• Gray-scale graphics


  Uses 8 bits per pixel, allows up to 256 different shades of gray
• Calculating file size of a gray-scale imagewith dimensions 250 x 200 


  1. Total Number of pixels in the image = 250 * 200 = 50,000 pixels

  2. File size = 50,000 pixels * 8 bit/pixel = 400,000 bits ~ 50,000 bytes
• Colored Graphics


  Modern PCs uses 24-bit (True Color) to display millions of colors at a time, photorealistic color
• RGB

  Red, Green, Blue
• Calculating file size of a 24-bit colored imagewith dimensions 250 x 200

  1. Total Number of pixels in the image = 250 * 200 = 50,000 pixels

  2. File size = 50,000 pixels * 24 bit/pixel = 1,200,000 bits ~ 150,000 bytes
• Resolution


  Measurement of the pixel density of an image
• Vector graphics


  Scalable graphics that are built using mathematical formulas
• Vector Graphics Drawing Software

  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Inkscape
• File format of Vector Graphics


  SVG - Scalable vector graphic file format
• Image Processing

  • Filtering and cleaning,
  • Enhancing and editing
• Image Processing Examples


  • Medical field help doctors clean x-ray images
  • Images from Moon and Mars missions are analyzed
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Cleaning Captcha Phrases
• Computer vision


  A field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding images
• Research areas in computer vision

  • Object detection
  • Tracking
  • Action recognition
  • Facial Recognition
• Facial Recognition


  • Snapchat Filters
• 3D modeling


  The process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object in three dimensions via specialized software, with the ability to rotate it and view from different angles, and create walk through 3D environments
• 3D modeling Software Tools

  • Blender
  • 3D Max
  • AutoCad
  • Sweet Home 3D
  • Unity (game engine)
• 3D modeling Examples


  • Dorms Nightmare GamePlay, Game Created By Walid Abu Ali & Hamad Mubarak
  • 3D Animation Showreel, By Walid Abu Ali - BS IT Multimedia
  • The Hobbit movie motion capture
  • 3D home design
• CAD - Computer Aided Design


  The use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design, cheaper and faster than design-by-hand
• CAD Examples


  • Architects build virtual plans
  • Engineers design bridges, electric schematics
  • Design computer chips: PCB (Printed Circuit Boards)
  • Test product prototypes
  • Medical engineers develop implants and human body models
• CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing


  The use of software to control machine tools to help manufacture products, translates the design of a product created on computer with CAD tools, into manufacturing instructions for machine tools
• CIM - Computer Integrated Manufacturing


  Combination of CAD/CAM
• Presentation Graphics


  Used for Lectures, Sales demos, seminars, includes images, animation and video clips, don't condense your slide with too much text, choose correct design theme colours
• Presentation Graphics Examples


  • MS PowerPoint
  • Prezi
• What is CIM used for?


  Is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process
• Painting pixels on the screen with a pointing device like mouse, stylus, etc. Capturing an image with a digital camera.


  Bitmap Graphics (Raster graphics)
• Pointer movements translated into lines and patterns on screen using mathematical formulas


  Vector Graphics (Object Oriented Graphics)
• Resolution is measured in 


  pixels per inch (ppi) or dots per inch (dpi)