L9 Plant & Animal Immune System and Mechanism of Defense

• Plant Immune System, Key Features: Physical Barriers, Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), Hormonal Signaling, and Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR)
• Physical Barriers: Plants have physical barriers such as the cell wall and waxy cuticle that act as the first line of defense against pathogens.
• Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs): Plants have PRRs that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger immune responses.
• Hormonal Signaling: Plants use hormones like salicylic acid and jasmonic acid to regulate immune responses and coordinate defense mechanisms.
• Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR): When a plant is infected, it can develop SAR, which allows it to respond more effectively to future infections.
• Plant, Mechanisms of Defense: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI), and Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI)
• Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI): When PRRs recognize PAMPs, PTI is activated, leading to the production of antimicrobial compounds and reinforcement of cell walls.
• Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI): If a pathogen manages to overcome PTI, plants can activate ETI, which involves the recognition of specific pathogen effectors and a stronger immune response.
• Animal Immune System, Key Features: Physical Barriers, Innate Immunity, and Adaptive Immunity
• Animal, Physical Barriers: Animals have physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes that prevent pathogens from entering the body.
• Innate Immunity: Animals have an innate immune system that provides immediate defense against pathogens through mechanisms like phagocytosis and inflammation.
• Adaptive Immunity: Animals also have an adaptive immune system that can recognize and remember specific pathogens, providing long-term protection.
• Animals, Mechanisms of Defense: Innate Immune Response and Adaptive Immune Response
• Innate Immune Response: The innate immune system responds to pathogens through mechanisms like phagocytosis, natural killer cells, and the release of antimicrobial proteins.
• Adaptive Immune Response: The adaptive immune system involves the activation of B cells and T cells, which produce antibodies and target specific pathogens for destruction.
• Comparison, Physical Barriers: Both plants and animals have physical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering their bodies.
• Comparison, Physical Barriers: Plants have a cell wall and waxy cuticle, while animals have skin and mucous membranes.
• Comparison, Recognition of Pathogens: Plants use PRRs to recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), while animals have receptors that recognize antigens on pathogens.
• Comparison, Hormonal Signaling: Plants use hormones like salicylic acid and jasmonic acid to regulate immune responses, while animals use cytokines and chemokines for immune signaling.
• Comparison, Immune Response Activation: Plants activate PTI and ETI in response to pathogen recognition, while animals activate innate and adaptive immune responses.
• Comparison, Memory and Specificity: Animals have an adaptive immune system that can remember specific pathogens and mount a targeted response upon reinfection.
• Comparison, Memory and Specificity: Plants don't have a memory-based immune response.
• Plants rely on physical barriers, pattern recognition receptors, and hormonal signaling, while animals have physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity.