L11 Plant Movement & Animal Muscular System

• Both plants and animals have systems that allow them to move and respond to their environment. In animals, this system is called the muscular system, while in plants, it is referred to as the plant movement system.
• Plants do not have muscles like animals do, but they have specialized cells and tissues that allow them to move and respond to stimuli.
• Plant Movement System, Key Features: Cell Expansion, Turgor Pressure, and Growth Movements.
• Plant, Cell Expansion: Plant cells can expand and contract, allowing the plant to change its shape and position.
• Plant, Cell Expansion: This is particularly evident in the opening and closing of flowers and the movement of leaves.
• Plant, Turgor Pressure: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that provides support.
• Plant, Turgor Pressure: By regulating the amount of water inside the cells, plants can control their turgor pressure, which affects their shape and movement.
• Plant, Growth Movements: Plants can also exhibit growth movements, such as the bending of stems towards light (phototropism) or the movement of tendrils to support climbing (thigmotropism).
• Animals have a well-developed muscular system that allows them to move and perform various functions.
• Animal Muscular System: Muscles, Voluntary and Involuntary Movements, Muscle Types
• Muscles: Animals have specialized tissues called muscles that contract and relax to produce movement.
• Muscles: made up of muscle fibers that are connected to bones or other structures.
• Voluntary and Involuntary Movements: Animals can control their movements consciously (voluntary movements) or unconsciously (involuntary movements).
• Voluntary and Involuntary Movements: For example, walking, running, and jumping are voluntary movements, while the beating of the heart is an involuntary movement.
• Muscle Types: Animals have different types of muscles, including skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.
• Muscle Types: Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movements.
• Muscle Types: Smooth muscles are found in the walls of organs and blood vessels.
• Muscle Types: While cardiac muscles are specific to the heart.
• Structure: Plants do not have muscles, while animals have well-defined muscles made up of muscle fibers.
• Control: Plant movements are mainly controlled by external stimuli, such as light and touch, while animal movements can be controlled both consciously and unconsciously.
• Types of Movements: Animals have a wider range of movements compared to plants. They can walk, run, swim, fly, and perform various complex actions. Plants, on the other hand, exhibit more limited movements, such as bending, opening and closing of flowers, and growth responses.
• Energy Requirement: Animal movements require a significant amount of energy due to the contraction and relaxation of muscles. In contrast, plant movements are less energy-intensive as they rely on changes in cell shape and turgor pressure.
• Animal Example: When a cheetah spots its prey, it can sprint at incredible speeds to catch it. This is made possible by the contraction of its skeletal muscles, which allow it to run swiftly and efficiently.
• Plant Example: The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that captures insects for nutrients. When an insect touches the trigger hairs on the plant's leaves, the leaves rapidly close, trapping the prey. This movement is achieved through changes in cell shape and turgor pressure.
• Animal Example: A hummingbird hovering in front of a flower is another example of animal movement. The bird's wing muscles contract and relax rapidly, allowing it to hover in mid-air and extract nectar from the flower.
• Plant Example: The movement of sunflowers throughout the day is a result of phototropism. Sunflowers track the movement of the sun by bending their stems towards the light. This is achieved through differential growth on the shaded side of the stem.
• While plants and animals have different systems for movement and response, they both have fascinating adaptations that allow them to survive and thrive in their respective environments.