SCIENCE - Genetics

• Gregor Johanne Mendel

  Father of Genetics
• The transfer of traits from parents to offspring by the parents's gametes

  Heredity
• Austrian monk that discovered how traits are transferred from one generation to another generation

  Gregor Johanne Mendel
• Scientific name of pea

  Pisum Sativum
• Why did Mendel use the pea for his discovery?

  naturally self pollinating, easy to raise, fast growing, can produce the number of products needed in a short period of time, have noticeable traits that may differ
• Common seed SHAPE for pea

  Round
• Common seed COLOR for pea

  Yellow
• Common flower COLOR of pea plant

  Purple
• Common pod SHAPE for pea plant

  inflated
• Common pod COLOR for pea plant

  yellow
• Rare seed shape for pea plant

  Wrinkled
• Rare seed color for plant

  Green
• Rare flower color for pea plant

  White
• Rare pod shape for pea plant

  Constricted
• Rare pod color for pea plant

  Green
• Alleles


  codes for a trait: a pair of genes scientists use a letter to represent each gene of an allele
• What does the capital letter represent?

  Dominant
• What does the small letter represent?

  Recessive
• a gene/trait that prevents the expression of a recessive trait

  dominant
• the stronger allele that is always expressed

  dominant
• a gene/trait that is hidden

  recessive
• the weaker allele

  recessive
• The weaker allele that can be masked by dominant allele

  recessive
• the PHYSICAL/OBSERVABLE appearance of an organism

  phenotype
• the visible trait or gene that is expressed

  phenotype
• the genes or genetic makeup of an organism

  genotype
• having two IDENTICAL traits (two dominant or two recessive alleles)

  homozygous
• having two different alleles for a trait (1 dominant and 1 recessive allele)

  heterozygous
• diagram denoting possible outcomes

  punnet square
• a tool to figure out the probability than an offspring will express a certain trait

  punnet square
• the chances that a trait will be inherited

  probability
• generation of parents that are crossed

  Parental generation or P1
• FIRST generation offspring of a genetic cross

  Filial generation or F1
• a genetic cross using a homozygous recessive trait to determine whether an offspring is homozygous or heterozygous dominant

  test cross
• a cross between parents with only one pair of trait

  monohybrid cross
• a cross between parents with two pairs of traits

  dihybrid cross
• an organism or an individual produced by crossing two pure lines

  hybrid
• One factor or gene in a pair may hide or prevent the expression of the other, an allele can be dominant or recessive. What LAW is this?

  Law of Dominance
• the different hereditary charasteristics are controlled by factors or genes that occur in pairs called alleles. Genes have dominant and recessive alleles that are distinct units rather than blended units

  Law of Unit Characters
• a pair of factors or genesis separated during the formation of gametes in production

  Law of Segregation