OS REV

• Operating System lies in the category of system software. It is the software that manages the computer's hardware and software.
• Ram= fast memory
• Memory Management

  Operating System manages the Primary or Main Memory
• Memory management is an operating system manages the allocation and deallocation of memory.
• Processor management involves managing the CPU (Central Processing Unit) resources of a computer system. This includes tasks such as scheduling processes, allocating CPU time to processes, handling interrupts, and managing the CPU's execution state during context switches.
• Device management refers to the process of controlling and coordinating the various hardware devices connected to a computer system. These devices can include peripherals like printers, keyboards, mice, disk drives, network interfaces, and more. Device management ensures that these devices operate efficiently, interact correctly with the operating system and applications, and are accessible to users when needed. Here's an overview of key aspects of device management:
• what is process scheduling ?

  specifically deals with determining the order in which processes are executed by the CPU.
• File management: a file system is organized into directories for efficient or easy navigation and usage. it keeps track of where information is stored, user access settings, the status of every file and more.
• theres no such thing as a FILE
• 1. UI (User Interface): This is a broad term that encompasses all aspects of a system that a user interacts with. It includes both the visual elements (like menus, buttons, and icons) and the non-visual elements (like voice commands or gestures) that enable users to interact with a computer or a software application.
• GUI (Graphical User Interface): GUI is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels, or text navigation.
• CLI (Command-Line Interface): CLI is a type of interface where the user interacts with the software by typing commands into a terminal or command prompt.
• Booting is process of starting and restarting the computer
• Security is an operating system uses password to protect user data and other techniques
• Job Accounting an operating system keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users.
• Error-Detecting Aids an operating system constantly monitors the system to detect errors and avoid malfunctioning computer system.
• Peripheral device= a device that is connected to the computer via a cable or wire.
• Network Communication is like a traffic cops for your internet traffic
• Settings and monitoring as the settings and security guard for your internet connection.
• The 1st Generation (1940-1950) an operating system was not included in the creation of the first electrical computer.
• The Second Generation 1955-1965 GMOSIS, the 1st operating system was developed in the early 1950s. for the IBM computer, General motors has created the operating system. because it gathers all related jobs into groups or batches and then submits them to the os using punch card to finish all of them, the 2nd generation os was built on a single stream batch processing system.
• 3rd-generation 1965-1980 operating systems introduced the concept of time-sharing, enabling multiple users to interact with a computer simultaneously. Time-sharing systems allowed users to run multiple programs concurrently, with the operating system rapidly switching between tasks to give the illusion of simultaneous execution. Unix, developed in the late 1960s, is a notable example of a third-generation operating system.
• 4th-generation 1980-present operating systems are characterized by their graphical user interfaces (GUIs), networking capabilities, and support for multitasking. GUIs provided intuitive visual interfaces for users to interact with computers, while networking support enabled communication between computers and the sharing of resources such as files and printers. Multitasking allowed multiple processes to run concurrently, enhancing system efficiency and user productivity. Examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and various Unix-like operating systems such as Linux.
• No Os( 0s to 1940s) there is no os in this time. it was very hard for the users to implement even a simple task and very time consuming.
• Batch Processing System 1940s-1950s users had facility to write their programs on punch cards and loid it to the computer operator
• Multiprogramming System 1950s-1960s first operating system where actual revolution began.
• Time Sharing System 1960s-1970s an extender version of multiprogramming system. give access of cpu to every program after a certain interval of time.
• Introduction of GUI 1970s-1980s First time OS became more user friendly and changed the way of people to interact with computer.
• Networked System 1980s-1990s the craze of computer networks at its peak. OS like Novell Netware and Windows NT were developed to manage network communication which provide users facility to work in collaborative environment.
• Mobile Operating System Late 1990s to 2000s invention of smartphones. OS optimized with the time and became more powerful.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) 2010s-present AI has become increasingly sophisticated over the past few decades, enabling computers to perform tasks that would have been considered impossible just a few short years ago.