music

• Orchestra


  A large group of musicians playing different musical instruments together led by a conductor
• Instruments of the orchestra


  Divided into four sections which produce interweaving sound, grouped according to timbre, the materials used and how they are being played
• Origin of the term 'orchestra'


  Derived from the Greek word "orkheisthai" which means to "dance"
• Early orchestras


  Composed of small groups of professional musicians who played music during celebrations like holidays, festivals, or even funerals
• Orchestral music enhancement


  By famous classical musicians Franz Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Types of orchestras


  • Western Orchestra or Symphony/Philharmonic Orchestra
  • Full-sized Orchestra
  • Small-sized Orchestra or Chamber Orchestra
• Western Orchestra or Symphony/Philharmonic Orchestra


  Instrumental ensemble or group of instruments that contains sections of strings, woodwind, brass wind, and percussion instruments
• Full-sized Orchestra


  Composed of about 100 or more musicians which may be accompanied by a chorus
• Small-sized Orchestra or Chamber Orchestra


  Has at least 12-40 musicians, usually plays in a chamber or a hall
• Conductor


  The main coordinator of an orchestra. In the absence of a conductor, the first violinist or the concertmaster serves as the leader of the orchestra and is in charge of the tuning of the instruments
• String Section


  • The most important section in the orchestra, the most versatile and flexible that show great range of expression, the largest family of instruments in the orchestra, played by bowing or plucking the instrument to produce sounds
• String instruments


  • Violin
  • Viola
  • Cello
  • String Bass/Double Bass
  • Harp
• Violin


  The soprano of the string family, divided into two groups - the first violins and the second violins usually play different parts
• Viola


  The alto of the string family, has a darker, lower, and richer sound than violin
• Cello


  Also known as violoncello, the tenor of the string family, has warm, deep, mellow, clear, sweet, bright, rich, dull, and rumbling tone
• String Bass/Double Bass


  The bass of the string family, one of the lowest sounding instruments in the orchestra
• Harp


  Sometimes included in the string family depending on the musical period when the music was played
• Woodwind Instruments


  • Flute
  • Piccolo
  • Clarinet
  • Oboe
  • Saxophone
  • English Horn
  • Bassoon
  • Contrabassoon
• Woodwind Section


  Originally made of wood, now metal is one of the used materials, adds color to the sound of the string and play the melody in some parts of the composition, sound produced by blowing the edge of the mouthpiece of the instruments using also single reed and double reed
• Flute


  The soprano in the woodwind family, has warm and smooth tone in the lower register and becomes brighter and clearer and has high piercing tones in the higher register
• Piccolo


  The soprano in the woodwind family, like a small flute and the sound is higher than the flute, has bright and clear tone
• Clarinet


  Like a soprano also and can produce bass sound, its tone can vary from low, to dark, to brilliant sound
• Oboe


  Has bright tone color and nasal quality
• Saxophone


  Can also produce alto, soprano, tenor and bass sound
• English Horn


  Like an alto in the woodwind, has a lower and darker tone color, looks like an oboe but the bottom looks like a pear-shaped bell
• Bassoon


  Like the bass in human voice, is a lower pitched instrument, has a warm, dark and reedy tone, known as the "clown" in the group because of its comical sound producing low sound
• Contrabassoon


  Like the bass in the human voice, the lowest sounding instrument among the orchestra, larger than a bassoon
• Brass Section


  • Important in the loud exciting part of the orchestra, provides dynamic levels in music, produces bright sounds, made of brass materials, sound produced by buzzing the player's lips against the mouthpiece
• Brass instruments


  • Trumpet
  • French Horn
  • Trombone
  • Tuba
• Trumpet


  The soprano in the brass family, has a high and brilliant sound
• French Horn


  The alto in the brass family, has a lower and mellow sound than the trumpet
• Trombone


  The tenor in the brass family, has a deeper and darker tone than the French horn
• Tuba


  The bass in the brass family, the lowest sounding brass instrument, has a dark, deep, and powerful sound
• Percussion Section


  • Acts as the rhythm section of the orchestra and also makes special sounds and adds excitement and color, instruments are shaken, scraped or hit, some have definite pitches and indefinite pitches
• Percussion instruments


  • Timpani
  • Chimes
  • Cymbals
  • Xylophone
  • Snare Drum
  • Bass Drum
  • Triangle
• Timpani


  Can be played as both a rhythmic and melodic instrument, can make the music more exciting
• Chimes


  Produce a very bright sound
• Cymbals


  Produce a clanging sound
• Xylophone


  Produces wooden, bright, rattling, shrill, brittle, hollow, tinkling and clear sounds
• Snare Drum


  Produces a rattling sound