Science

• Tsunami


  is a series of huge waves cause by an earthquake caused by an earthquake that occurs underneath or near the ocean.
• Sometimes, tsunamis are mistakenly called tidal waves.
• seismic energy


  released from the rocks in the focus of an earthquake is referred to as seismic waves
• Seismic waves


  are released outward from the focus and travel horizontally and vertical in different directions.
• Primary waves


  are the first to be recorded by a seismograph because they are high-frequency seismic waves.
• Secondary waves


  shear waves of high frequency and the second to be detected by a seismograph. They travel only in solid medium.
• Love waves


  (named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, a mathematician who made the model of this wave) are seismic waves of low frequency. It is the third to be recorded by a seismograph. They have long wavelengths and travel on the ground horizontally, causing to twist from side to side.
• Rayleigh waves


  (predicted by John William strutt and Baron Rayleigh) travel the slowest among the seismic waves. This waves exist at any free surface in a continuos body.
• seismograph


  is used to detect, measure, and record seismic waves generated by earthquakes.
• the instrument produces a seismogram, a visual record of the severity of earthquake from the focus to the epicenter.
• Seismologist 


  can tell the location of the epicenter by measuring the time lag between the arrival of the P and S-wave. Remember that P-wave arrive first at the seismograph station because they travel faster than S-waves.
• epicenter


  of the earthquake is the point we're the tree circles intersect
• This process is called triangulation.
• Direct Observations


  They can directly examine the property using some instrument and perform mathematical calculation.
• Indirect Observation


  On the other hand, involve the formulation of inferences based on reliable sources of information using scientific models and applying scientific methods.
• Temperature and pressure


  According to geologists, temperature and pressure increase with depth. As seismologists gathered data from oil wells and gold mine site in various parts of the globe, they were able to conclude
• Rock samples from the mantle


  The third information involved the types of rocks that are thought to be parts of the mantle layer.
• Xenoliths


  came from the lava extruded on the surface during a volcanic eruption.
• Ophiolites


  were brought to the surface by some tectonic processes.
• This seismic waves are called body waves
• Analyses of volcanic materials and their densities


  Earth's interior is made up of materials of varying densities. This is because as they seismic waves travel, they are refracted or bent
• Density


  is the mass of a material per unit of volume or D = M/V. By finding the masses and that the average density of the entire planet to be determined, some mathematical (g/cm²).
• Analyses of meteorites


  provided scientists with another piece of evidence about the structure of Earth's interior.
• Meteorites


  are believed to be remnants of the materials in the solar system that did not form into a planet.
• This area where seismographs cannot detect the seismic waves is called the shadow zone.
• Analyses of the Outer core


  The outer core is liquid form. This information was based on the behavior of seismic waves.
• Atmosphere 


  are not visible to the naked aye.
• Troposphere


  is the lowest layer, is exposed neutral phenomena and ground activities.
• Hurricane


  If it is formed in the North Atlantic Ocean, affecting the most of Caribbean Japan.
• Tropical Cyclones 


  have different names depending on the part of the world where it is formed and developed.
• Severe tropical cyclone


  in the southeastern indian and southwest pacific oceans
• Severe cyclonic storm


  in the north Indian ocean/
• tropical cyclone


  in the southwest indian ocean, in the philippines, it is commonly known as typhoon or bagyo
• Tropical Oceans


  The characteristics of tropical oceans--large, still, and warm--are actually needed to start the formative stage of tropical cyclones. In addition, the surface temperature of these oceans, which typically ranges from 26 to 30 degrees Celsius is extremely important for warm air to develop.
• Convergence of Low Altitude Winds


  As a warm air develops on the ocean's surface, it expands and rises to the atmosphere creating a low-pressure area (LPA). The surrounding low altitude winds or trade winds converge then replace the warm air which likewise rises to the atmosphere.
• Inertropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ )


  An area where tropical cyclones form. Where the low-pressure northeast and southeast trade winds converge. 
• PAGASA 


  Philippine Area of Responsibility” (PAR) concerning the weather disturbances that periodically hit the country.
• Flooding


  Tropical cyclones may affect weather fronts that can result in prolonged rainfalls on land.
• Landslides


  An highlands, specifically in sloping areas, heavy rainfalls may cause the soil to saturate and become loose.