Chem 2 Chp 18

• • A: number of protons + neutrons
  • Z: number of protons
  • N: A - Z (number of neutrons)
• Isotope: different number neutrons but same number protons which affects stability of nucleotide
• • Proton: 1 p 1
  • Neutron: 1 n 0
  • Electron: 0 e -1
• Alpha Decay

  • nucleus emits a particle containing 2 p and 2 n -> 4 H 2
  • parent: what we start with
  • daughter: what we form
• Beta Decay

  • emission of an electron
  • 1 n 0 -> 1 p 1 + 0 e -1
  • atomic number increase by 1
• Gamma Ray

  • emitted in conjunction with other types of radiation
  • 0 Y 0
• Positron Emission

  • annihilation: antiparticle collides with electrons producing gamma rays
  • 1 p 1 -> 1 n 0 + 0 e +1
  • atomic number decrease by 1
• Electron Capture

  • an electron is absorbed by the nucleus
  • 1 p 1 + 0 e -1 -> 1 n 0