Lesson 9 & 10

• Komedi (Comedy)

  • The aim of this film is to induce laughter in the audience.
• The romantic comedy, which is a love story presented with music and humor, usually focuses on chance encounters, mistaken identity, and the use of disguises.
• Slapstick comedy focuses on using a physical or psychological defect, or on using ill-mannered behavior of characters as sources of laughter.
• Film refers to a sequence of moving pictures, typically shown on television or in a cinema.
• Film making became an industry in the Philippines during the 1950s. 1970s – Remarkable era. (Mass communication)
• Some of these filmmakers were educated in art films created outside the constraints of commercial filmmaking. These filmmakers, called alternative filmmakers, started producing highly critical and imaginative works.
• The subject matter of films shifted to social commentaries during the dictatorship in the 1980s. On the other hand, the 1990s were marked by the persistence of mainstream formulas and imitations.
• Time

  • This is considered the most significant element of cinema.
• Physical Time

  • This refers to the time for an action to take place as it is being filmed and projected on the screen. This can be altered through accelerated motion, slow motion, stopped motion, and reverse motion.
• Psychological Time

  • This refers to the viewer's impression of how long it takes for a certain action to take place and how they feel when watching that particular action. For instance, a viewer feels excited when watching fast action scenes.
• Dramatic Time

  • This signifies the timeline of events portrayed in the film.
• Space

  • Just like in a painting or a photograph, a film, when projected on the screen, has two dimensions.
• Scale

  • This aspect indicates the size of the objects on the screen and how these objects relate to the area surrounding them. It may also involve where the camera is positioned in taking the shot.
• Shooting angle

  • This denotes the location or angle from where the camera records the scene. Shots may be taken with the camera directed vertically downwards, vertically upwards, or horizontally.
• Lighting

  • The position of lights can affect how the illusion of depth is created in the film. The relationship of light and dark on the object can give the illusion of depth to the object.
• Sound

  • Aside from dialogue, sound also includes background music, theme melodies, and silence.
• Cutting or Editing

  • This involves joining one shot with another, ensuring that these two shots are logically connected. This helps ensure that only the scenes required in the story will be shown.
• Camera Movement

  • This is done to have a smoother change of view, to help in the gradual growth of emotions, or to simulate a familiar experience.
• Framing

  • This helps in bringing balance to the film as it is being viewed. Framing can also get the attention of the audience and sustain that attention.
• Aksyon (Action)

  • This American-influenced type of film mainly uses physical conflict as emphasis. There are two types of action films.
• Animation

  • This involves creating illustrations or inanimate images and bringing them to life. Single-frame photography is used to capture images of a series of arranged drawings. These shots are then run in the movie projector at 10 or 24 frames per second.
• Drawn animation

  • involves the use of drawings for a certain image.
• Cut-out animation

  • as the name implies, involves cutting out images from photos, cardboard, or other flat materials. A collage is formed out of these materials. This process is simpler, relatively cheaper, and does not take too much time.
• Model or live animation

  • involves moving three-dimensional objects made from sand, clay, wire, or other solid objects. These movements are recorded by the camera.
• Bomba

  • A film that primarily depicts nudity and sex, bomba became popular from the 1970s up to the 1990s. Known as "bold," "wet look," and "ST," bomba is different from X-rated pornography.
• Dokyu (Documentary)

  • The dokyu is a motion picture that narrates or discusses news events. It may also explain other subject matter based on facts. The director may add fiction to the subject matter.
• Film journalism

  • which reports events based on facts and gives emphasis on timeliness.
• General-interest film

  • which primarily informs the public on a particular subject (e.g., travelogue).
• Nature documentaries

  • which bring knowledge about the physical world.
• Committed documentaries

  • which tackle social problems and issues like injustice and poverty.
• Cinema direct

  • which presents reality using a unique point of view, language, and technique.
• Drama

  • This refers to a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts. Drama draws sentiment and emotion.
• Experimental

  • This type of film attempts to create something radically innovative or something that has never been done before with the camera. It also explores the hidden potentials of film.
• Fantasy

  • This film depicts scenes in an imaginary world. Komiks stories, folklore, and science fiction all fall under fantasy.
• Historical

  • This type of film shows actual events that occurred in the past. It may depict real stories of famous persons or historical events and places that are recreated in the film.
• Horror

  • A horror film is shown to bring fear to the audience. It includes supernatural beings like ghosts, goblins, vampires, and imaginary monsters in the story.
• Musical

  • This is essentially a romantic comedy presented with dances, skits, and songs. There are four types of musical: filmed sarswela, sarswela-type musical, Hollywood-type musical, and new musical.