Industrial revolution

• Domestic Industry: (before Industrial rev)

  manufacturing products at home

  usually workers work together in same room

  working hours: incredibly long & tailored (worked according to demand)

  method: small hand tools owned by workers

  location: home

  production output: small level of production

  : sold only to local markets

  : manufactured on pre-order basis

  : subsistence farming
• Factory System:

  working hours: set daily hours (have timetable)

  methods: large power driven machines (owed by capitalists)

  location: factory

  production output: large level of production

  : sold to worldwide market

  : manufactured in anticipation of demand

  powered by: steam & water
• Textile Industry: ( medieval times)

  production of clothes:

  raw wool (bought from farmers)

  • spinners (spun into thread)
  • weavers ( woven into cloth)
  • tailors (turn into individual garments)
• Disadvantage of old methods in T.I:

  • time consuming
  • growing population out of date
  • too slow
• New methods of T.I:

  1733 John Kay

  invented Flying Shuttle (speeded up weaving process)

  1764 James Hargreaves

  invented Spinning Jenny (could spin as much as 80 spinners)

  1769 Richard Arkwright

  invented water frame (spinning machine powered by water)

  1779 Samuel Crompton

  invented the Mule (cross between spinning jenny & water frame; 100 spinners)

  1785 Edmund Cartwright

  invented Power Loom (speed up weaving process)
• Coal

  it provided power for factories, railways & ships

  provided raw materials for chemical dyes

  provided coke for smelting Iron Ore

  between 1750-1850 the use of coal increased by 1,000%
• Iron

  1709 Abraham Darby discovered a way to smelt using coke

  Advantages: cheaper than using charcoal iron industry took off after 1760 iron & coal ( plentiful in England)

  Evidence: 1709 A.D developed blast furnance

  1779 1st iron bridge places the seven george (In shropshire)

  1784 Henry Cort

  developed "puddling and rolling"

  a way of turning pig iron to wrought iron (much stronger)

  1856 Henry Bessemer Converter

  developed "the Bessemer converter" ( a vasal for making steel)- lighter & stronger than iron
• Steam Power

  1712 Thomas Newcomen

  designed steam engine

  purpose: to pump water out of mines

  allowed: miners to efficiently mine deeper

  disadvantage: could not turn wheels

  1763 James Watt

  developed Rotary Steam Engine

  purpose: pump water out of mines & others uses

  advantage: could turn wheels
• Steam Power had huge impact on I.R:

  increased need for coal

  increased need for iron (steam engines made of)

  increased need for factories (only buildings large enough to contain them)

  led to the development of trains & influenced Transport Revolution