for isa - RPH with love

• It is a sleeveless jacket which color indicates rank

  Kanggan
• Ranks indicated by colors

  1. Red - Chief
  2. Black or Blue - Commoners
• Loincloth


  Bahag
• It is a turban which tells the social status/achievement of the individual wearing it


  Putong
• Male attire

  1. Kanggan
  2. Bahag
  3. Putong
• Female attires

  1. Baro or Camisa
  2. Saya or Patadyong
  3. Tapis
• Jacket with sleeves


  Baro or Camisa
• Long skirt


  Saya or Patadyong
• It is a piece of red or white cloth on top of skirt

  Tapis
• Ornaments on pre-colonial period

  1. Both men and women wore ornaments to look attractive
  2. Both wear kalumbiga, pendants, bracelets, and leglets
  3. Made of gold
  4. Some wore gold fillings between the teeth
• It exhbibit a man's record and considered as fashionable for some pre - colonial Filipinos


  Tattoos
• It is a term coined by the Spaniards for the visayans

  Islas del Pintados
• Houses on pre - colonial period

  1. Built to suit the tropical climate
  2. Kalingas, Mandayas, and Bagobos built their houses on TREETOPS
  3. Badjaos built on BOATS
• It is made of wood, bamboo, and nipa palm. It was built on stilts and can be entered through ladders that can be drawn up

  Bahay Kubo
• What are the three social classes on pre-colonial period?

  1. Nobles
  2. Madhadlika or Maharlika
  3. Alipin
• This class is made up of datus and their families. Members of the nobility were addressed with the title "Gat" or "Lakan"

  Noble
• Madhadlika or Maharlika: Freemen

  Alipin: ?


  Dependent
• People under this class acquired their status by inheritance, captivity, purchase, failure to settle debts or by committing a crime

  Alipin
• What are the two types of alipin?


  Aliping namamahay and aliping sagigilid
• Status of Women on pre - colonial period;

  1. Had a right to inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed to the chieftainship of the barangay in the absence of a male heir
  2. Had the exclusive right to name their children
  3. Men walked behind them as a sign of respect (as they should lewl)
• Marriage customs keywords;

  1. Men - monogamous
  2. Wives - asawa
  3. Concubines - friends
• Courtship usually begins with paninilbihan
• Conditions a man has to satisfy to marry the woman on pre - colonial period

  1.  Give a dowry or bigay-kaya 
  2. Pay the panghihimuyat
  3. Pay the wet nurse bigay-suso
  4. Pay the parents himaraw
  5. Bribe for the relatives called sambon (among the Zambals)
• Once the man had settled all the conditions, this is the process where the man brings his parents to meet the parents of the bride-to-be to haggle and make the final arrangements


  Pamamalae/Pamamanhikan/Pamumulungan
• What do you call to a priestess that officiate weddings during pre - colonial period?

  Babaylan
• What is thrown on the couple after the wedding ceremony as part of the tradition

  Uncooked rice
• What do you call to the first stage of marriage customs of Muslims?

  Pananalanguni or bethrothal
• What do you call to a dowry settled by the chief?

  Pedsungud
• Seven kinds of dowry

  1. Kawasateg - money given to the bride's close relatives
  2. Siwaka - Brassware given to those who helped in arranging the wedding
  3. Enduatuan - brassware or animals for the village chief
  4. Pangatulian – jewelry given to the girl’s mother and aunts
  5. Tatas – blade given to the girl’s uncle
  6. Langkad – money given to the girl’s parnts as fine for having bypassed the girl’s elder sister if she had any
  7. Lekat – amount of money given to the girl’s attendant
• Mixed marriage were allowed in pre-colonial society
• Mixed Marriages, Inheritance and Succession

  • The status of children were dependent upon the status of the parents
  • The status of children in mixed marriages is divided evenly between the parents
  • Single children of mixed marriage were half-free and half-dependent
  • Legitimate children inherited their parents' property even without any written will and was divided equally among the children
  • Natural children inherited only a third of the inheritance of legitimate children
  • Children of dependent mothers are given freedom and a few things
  • Nearest relatives inherit the property of childless couples
• In succession, the first son of the barangay chieftain inherits his father’s position; if the first son dies, the second son succeeds their father; in the absence of male heirs, it is the eldest daughter that becomes the chieftain
• It is a unit of government composed of 30 - 100 families and headed by chieftains called datu. What is it?

  Barangay
• It is a malay word which means boat


  Balangay
• Subjects under Government

  -        Served their chieftain during wars, voyages, planting and harvest

  -        House needs to be built or repaired

  -        Paid tributes called buwis
• Chief of executive, legislator, andthe judge. They are also the supreme commander in terms of war

  Chief/Datu
• It is alliances among barangays which are common and formalized in a ritual

  Sangduguan
• Conflicts between or among barangays were settled by violence; those who win by force is always right
• Laws under pre-colonial period are;

  1. Either customary or written
  2. Deals with various subjects such as inheritance, property rights, divorce, usuary, family relations, adoptions, loads, etc.
• Before laws are made under pre - colonial society, the chief consults with a council of leaders who approved of his plan. What process is this?

  Legislation