psychology

• psychology - a field in social sciences that deals with the description, explanation, prediction, and control behavior. It is the study of mind and behavior.
• goals of psychology - to describe, to explain, to predict, to change
• psychologists - typically hold a doctoral degree in psychology and provide therapy, conduct researches, and administer psychological tests.
• psychiatrist - medical doctors who specialize in mental health and can prescribe medication to manage mental health conditions.
• psychology typically help you in your everyday life by improving your communication skills, relationships, and ability to manage stress.
• nature - biological factors that affect behaviors.
• nurture - environmental factors that influence development of personality and behavior
• william james - father of american psychology
• james claims that the understanding of self can be separated into three categories: constituents, feelings and emotions they aroused, the action to which they prompt
• 3 constituents of william james idea: material self, social self, spiritual self
• material self - consist of things that belong to us or that we belong to
• social self - our social selves are who we are in a given social situation
• spiritual self - is who we are at our core
• karen horney - founder of feminine psychology.
• people develop a number of strategies to cope with basic anxiety due to experienced conflict and tensions: idealized self image, actual self, real self
• idealized self image - imaginary picture of self as the possessor of unlimited powers and superlative qualities
• actual self - one in everyday life, frustrated, anxious, disappointed for not living up to the idealized self.
• real self - will only be realized if the person begins to internalize that impossibility of idealized self and embracing the failures of the actual self
• carl rogers - developed person-centered therapy
• the real self is who we actually are. it is how we think, how we feel, look, and act
• the ideal self is how we want to be. it is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced
• multiple selves- capacities we carry within us from multiple relationships.
• unified selves - wellbeing comes when our personality is congruent, cohesive, consistent.
• multiple selves are not discovered but created in our relationships with other people
• unified selves is the composite persona, essentially connected with selfhood and identity.
• true self - sense of being in the experiencing body, has a sense of integrity, of connected wholeness that harks to the early stages
• from infancy the true self is creative, spontaneous, and real
• false self- used when the person has to comply with external rules or following social codes. can be healthy or unhealthy
• agent self - known for actions, making choices, utilizing our control in situations.
• self efficacy - the measure of one's ability to compete goals. ability to accept challenges, competition, taking risks, and gaining accomplishments.