Vidita Agrawal

• Culture


  In social sciences, culture is all that which is socially transmitted rather than biologically in human society
• Culture


  Culture, in the broadest sense, is the way of life in a social group
• Culture


  Culture is that complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
• E.B. Taylor: 'Primitive Culture Vol1, 1871'
• Malinowski: 'Culture is the handiwork of man and the medium through which he achieves his ends'
• J.R. Firth: 'Culture refers to the component of accumulated resources, material as well as non-material, which the people inherit, employ, transmute, add to and transmit'
• Hegemony


  Propounded by Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, writer, politician, and founding member of the Italian communist party
• Hegemony


  • Marxian idea of base and superstructure
  • The economic mode of production forms the base of the society
  • On the base stands the superstructure (legal, political, social custom, religion, morals, etc.)
  • The base determines the character of the superstructure
  • In case of any change in the base, there will be changes in the superstructure
• Hegemony


  • The western society gave some autonomy to the superstructure, and it is not just something that is dependent on the base
  • The bourgeoisie class (Middle Class) is also characterized by structures of domination as they comprise business owners and merchants who own and control the means of production
  • Gramsci identified two levels of superstructure: Structures of coercion (the political society) and Structures of legitimation (the civil society)
  • The above-mentioned structures lend legitimation to the bourgeoisie class and create an impression that the ruling class rules by the consent of the people
  • When civil society fails to prevent any kind of decent, then the political society needs to step in and use its coercive power like the police and prison
• Hegemony


  When power is apparently used with the consent of its subject, it is known as hegemony
• Ideology


  Ideology refers to the set of inter-related ideas dealing with politics, society, and economy
• Ideology


  Political ideologies are considered the heart and soul of political science, they deal with the nature and origin of the state, the relationship between the state and society, forms of government, the basis of state authority and the sphere of state action
• Ideology


  The term was coined by the French Philosopher Destutt de Tracy in 1796, he refers to it as the new 'science of ideas' that set out to uncover the origin of conscious thought and ideas
• Ideology


  Karl Marx said ideology amounted to the ideas of the ruling class, ideas that, therefore, uphold the class system and perpetuate exploitation
• Ideology


  An ideology is more or less a coherent set of ideas that provides a basis for organized political action, whether this is intended to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power relationships
• Ideology


  • Offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of a worldview
  • Provide a model of a desired future, a vision of a good society
  • Outline how a political change can and should be brought about
• Mass Culture


  Cultural products that are both mass-produced and for mass audiences, examples include mass media, films, popular books, TV shows
• Functional areas in cultural system

  • Ecology: the way a system is adapted to its habitat, shaped by the technology used to obtain, transform, and distribute resources, and demographic factors
  • Social structure: the way that an orderly social life is maintained, including domestic and political groupings
  • Ideology: the set of mental characteristics that fit a people to its ecology and social structure, encompassing all socially patterned thought, including worldview and ethos
• The social impact of affluence has come to dominate intellectual discussions concerning the shape of modern society
• Abundance everywhere give rise to mass communication through radio, media, press
• The development of mass education and spread of literacy creating mass entertainment on grand scale
• Art product


  An object we admire for its beauty and our emotional response
• Craft product


  Admired because of the beauty with which it forms a function
• Mass culture


  Creates products for a mass market
• Culture


  In social sciences, culture is all that which is socially transmitted rather than biologically in human society
• Culture


  Culture, in the broadest sense, is the way of life in a social group
• Culture


  Culture is that complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
• E.B. Taylor: 'Primitive Culture Vol1, 1871'
• Malinowski: 'Culture is the handiwork of man and the medium through which he achieves his ends'
• J.R. Firth: 'Culture refers to the component of accumulated resources, material as well as non-material, which the people inherit, employ, transmute, add to and transmit'
• Hegemony


  Propounded by Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, writer, politician, and founding member of the Italian communist party
• Hegemony


  • Marxian idea of base and superstructure
  • The economic mode of production forms the base of the society
  • On the base stands the superstructure (legal, political, social custom, religion, morals, etc.)
  • The base determines the character of the superstructure
  • Changes in the base will lead to changes in the superstructure
• Hegemony


  • The western society gave some autonomy to the superstructure, and it is not just something that is dependent on the base
  • The bourgeoisie class (Middle Class) is also characterized by structures of domination as they comprise business owners and merchants who own and control the means of production
  • Gramsci identified two levels of superstructure: Structures of coercion (the political society) and Structures of legitimation (the civil society)
• Hegemony


  The bourgeois society, through structures of legitimation, exercises power in such a way that it seems like they rule with the consent of the people
• Hegemony


  When power is apparently used with the consent of its subject, it is known as hegemony
• Ideology


  Ideology refers to the set of inter-related ideas dealing with politics, society, and economy
• Ideology


  Political ideologies are considered the heart and soul of political science, dealing with the nature and origin of the state, the relationship between the state and society, forms of government, the basis of state authority and the sphere of state action
• Ideology


  The term was coined by the French Philosopher Destutt de Tracy in 1796, referring to it as the new 'science of ideas' that set out to uncover the origin of conscious thought and ideas
• Ideology


  Karl Marx said ideology amounted to the ideas of the ruling class, ideas that, therefore, uphold the class system and perpetuate exploitation
• Ideology


  • Offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of a worldview
  • Provide a model of a desired future, a vision of a good society
  • Outline how a political change can and should be brought about