models

• Separate store Models - Conceptual Meditation model - Potter, So, Von Eckardt, Feldman 1984


  • both languages share a common conceptual representation for words
  • word encountered = meaning activated & spreads to corresponding word in other language through shared conceptual links
• Separate store model - word association model Potter et al 1984


  • associate words in 1 language with equivalent words in another language
  • encounter word in 1 language = activates related words in both languages
  • = make easier to access & switch between languages
• Separate store models - Mixed Model - de Groot 1992, 1994


  • store & process some words separately while others shared between their languages
  • combines elements of separate-store & common-store models
  • = acknowledging bilinguals may have separate lexicons for some words but share common conceptual representation for others
• Separate store models - Asymmetrical Model - Kroll & Stewart 1994


  • don't always have equal access to their languages
  • 1 language may be dominant - stronger connections to conceptual representations & more efficient processing
  • = asymmetrical language abilities
• Common store model - Paivio, Clark, Lambert 1988


  • store & access words from both languages in single mental lexicon
  • shared repository for lexical items, regardless of language belong to
  • = facilitates cross-linguistic interactions & connections at conceptual level
• Revised Hierarchical model - Kroll & Stewart 1994

  - translation into 2nd language novices

  • Lexical Links - Connections between words stronger from 2nd language to 1st - compared to L1 to L2
  • L1 to L2 Translation - involves conceptual mediation - understanding meaning or concept before translating - process indirect & slower
  • L2 to L1 Translation - direct links between lexical entries - aided by word association
  • Asymmetry - Backward translation (L2 to L1) = faster than forward translation (L1 to L2) = suggests imbalance in translation speed