(Q3) LESSON 3

• Musculoskeletal injuries - are injuries that harm the muscles, ligaments, bones and tendons.
• MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

  1. SPRAIN
  2. STRAIN
  3. FRACTURE
  4. DISLOCATION
  5. NOSEBLEED
  6. BURN
  7. HEAT EMERGENCIES
  8. POISONING
  9. CHOKING
  10. SEVERE BLEEDING
• SPRAIN - It is described as partial or complete tearing of ligaments.
• Ligaments - are tissues that connect the bones at a joint.
• STRAIN - Is any injury affecting the muscles and tendons.
• Tendons - are the tissues that attach the muscles to our bones
• R.I.C.E METHOD

  R - REST

  I - ICE

  C - COMPRESSION

  E - ELEVATION
• FRACTURE - A partial or complete break in the bone.
• TWO TYPES OF FRACTURES

  1. OPEN FRACTURES
  2. CLOSE FRACTURES
• OPEN FRACTURES are serious conditions in which the broken bone punctures the skin and the wound becomes exposed.
• CLOSE FRACTURES are broken bones that stay inside the body.
• DISLOCATION - It occurs when two bones are out of position caused by joint injuries
• NOSEBLEED - Occurs when a small vein, along the lining nose, bursts.
• Burn - is the injury of the skin caused by extreme temperatures.
• FIRST DEGREE BURN damages the outer layer of the skin only. A common sign of this burn is redness of the skin.
• SECOND DEGREE BURN damages both the outer skin layer and the layer beneath it. This is the most painful type of burns. Common signs of this injury include redness and blisters.
• THIRD DEGREE BURN appears leathery and covers a large part of the skin. These burns destroy the innermost layer of the skin.
• S.T.O.P METHOD

  S - Strip

  T - Turn on cold tap

  O - Organize

  P - Protect
•  HEAT EMERGENCIES - It occurs when there is too much heat in the surroundings.
• HEAT EMERGENCIES

  1. HEAT STROKE
  2. HEAT CRAMPS
  3. HEAT EXHAUSTION
• HEAT STROKE

  • A condition caused by your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures.
  • The most severe of all heat related illnesses.
• HEAT EXHAUSTION - Is a heat – related disorder. Here loss of fluid takes place.
• HEAT CRAMPS - Are involuntary muscle spasms. They are caused by deficiency of water and sodium.
• POISONING - An injury characterized by the entry of a toxin or poison in the body
• CHOKING - Occurs when there is a blockage in the airway of a person.
• SEVERE BLEEDING - Involves loss of large amounts of blood. This may occur externally through natural openings, like the mouth. A cut on the skin too can lead to bleeding. Internal bleeding occurs due to an injury to blood vessels.