History as many notes as possible

• Two Separatist groups left England


  1608
• Separatists


  Believed the Church of England had biblical practices
• Separatists left the Netherlands for America


  1620
• Storms blew them off course
• Mayflower Compact


  Agreement of self-government
• Mayflower Compact signed

  November 11, 1620
• Mercantilism


  Economic system in which a country was considered wealthy if it had a large supply of gold and silver
• Nations needed more exports than imports
• Exports


  Goods taken out of a colony or country
• Imports


  Goods brought into a country
• They discouraged imports by putting tariffs on goods coming into the country
• Capitalism


  Economic system in which businesses try to make money as they compete in a marketplace
• The religion that each colonizing country embraced was affected not just by the Protestant and Catholic Reformations but also by various wars over religion of the 1500s
• Huguenots


  French Protestants who accepted Calvinist form of Protestantism
• Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre

  1572
• Henry of Navarre


  Member of a Huguenot Bourbon Family who became king of France and issued the Edict of Nantes
• The Edict of Nantes was later revoked, and the Huguenots were forced to flee France
• Habsburgs


  One of the most powerful families in Europe, now fierce supporters of the Catholic Church and its rule over the Holy Roman Empire
• Charles V


  Habsburg emperor of the Holy Roman Empire crowned in 1519
• Charles V outlawed Lutheranism

  1531
• This led to an alliance of Protestant German princes
• Charles V engaged in a series of wars with the Protestants and their allies

  1549
• Peace of Augsburg


  Gave the German princes the right to choose their religion for their territory
• Through wars and marriage alliances, the Habsburgs gained control over Spain, Spain's overseas colonies, the Netherlands, and parts of central Europe
• Philip II

  Spanish king who defended Catholicism
• Philip II sent troops to the Netherlands under the leadership of the Duke of Alva, whose harsh tactics created bad will
• Dutch Republic


  Protestant provinces in the Netherlands that went their own way
• Philip II


  Son of the Habsburg ruler Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, ruled over an empire that included territory on five continents and many island territories
• Philip worked diligently but not wisely, as too much attention to detail and failure to make decisions promptly kept his government from ruling efficiently
• Philip's empire was directly responsible for the spread of Catholicism
• Henry VIII


  King of England from 1509 to 1547 who broke off from the Catholic Church when the pope refused to give him a divorce
• Church of England


  The established church in England, which was Protestant in doctrine and practice but took steps to avoid offending Catholics
• Edward VI led the Church of England in a strong Protestant direction, while Mary I and her husband were devout Catholics, and Elizabeth I was Protestant but took steps to avoid offending Catholics
• South America was settled mainly by Spain and Portugal, and the Spanish and Portuguese rarely had conflict
• The French established a settlement that became known as French Guiana, and the Dutch and English also established settlements in Guiana, with British Guiana becoming Guyana and Dutch Guiana becoming Suriname
• Creoles


  People of pure Spanish or Portuguese descent who were born in the Americas
• Donatario


  Title given to a nobleman to whom the Portuguese gave authority
• Despite problems, Portugal was able to maintain control of a colony eighty times its size for 300 years
• All laws and policies for the Spanish colonies came directly from Spain, and the Catholic Church became the official church in all Spanish colonies
• Council of the Indies

  Overseas council established by Spain in 1524 to help govern the colonies