repro lab final

• How to calculate total magnification

  power of objective x power of eyepiece
• Zoonotic disease


  disease that can be passed between animals and humans
• reservoir


  population or an environment where a pathogen can be sustained
• Direct transmission


  infectious agent is transferred from areservoir to a susceptible host by contact
• indirect transmission


  transfer of an infectious agent to a host by

  inanimate objects
• fomites


  particles of any size containing pathogen
• airborne transmission


  by droplets, aerosols, and dust have physical andepidemiological differences,
• droplets


  relatively large particles (>50 microns) produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking
• Aerosols


  are smaller (<50 microns) than droplets and may remain suspended in the air for greater time and distance. Caused by shouting
• dust particles


  particles range from 5 microns to 400 microns, are dry, may remain suspended in the air for very long periods
• vector transmission


  mice, wild birds, flies, mosquitoes, and ticks may passivelycarry an infectious agent or have a biological role in infection
• hierarchy of control (In order)

  elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE
• herd immunity


  when a high enough proportion of animals in a population is resistant to an agent, then those few who are susceptible will be protected by the resistant majority, since the pathogen will be unlikely to"find" those few susceptible individuals.
• influenza A


  affects both people and animals
• Influenza B


  only in humans, less severe
• Influenza C


  causes a mild respiratory illness but not epidemics
• Influenza D


  infects cattle
• Which part of microscope you should hold when lifting?

  arm
• relative growth


  No of cells in M phase/(No of cells in interphase+no of cells in M phase)
• Epithelium


  layer of skin cells forming the outer surfaces of the body (outside)
• Mesenchyme


  a loosely organized, mainly mesodermal embryonic tissue that develops into connective and skeletal tissues, including blood and lymph. (inside)
• Sagittal planes divide the body into

  left and right
• Coronal planes divide the body into

  front and back
• transverse plane divide the body into

  top and bottom
• correct order of mitosis

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
• Do epithelial cells grow faster or slower than mesenchymal cells?

  Epithelial cells grow slower
• gain


  adjusts amplitude of the ultrasound signal. Higher gain gives a brighter image
• focus


  adjusts depth at which an ultra sound beam has the best resolution
• TGC


  adjusts brightness of deeper parts of image
• what is a plastic phantom used for


  model with various targets, usually very reflective point targets andimpedance difference targets, used for training or calibration using different probes.
• what tissue has the highest impedance

  connective tissues and major organs
• B mode


  brightness mode, amplitudes at all distances displayed at dots
• white on the ultrasound

  dense=highly echogenic
• black on the ultrasound

  non dense=anechoic
• types of probes


  sector mechanical, convex array, linear array, vaginal
• types of ultrasounds


  veterinary portable, hospital grade
• the cumulus-oocyte complex secretes _____ between the cumulus cells to expand its mass

  hyaluronic acid
• if you collected oocytes from the ovarian follicles what must you do to them before using them for in vitro fertilization

  mature them
• Oocytes in ovarian follicles are surrounded by a protein coat called.

  zona pellucida
• COC is an abbreviation for

  cumulus oocyte complex