SCI REVIEWER

• domain- is the largest category into which organisms have been classified as bacteria, archae and eukarya
• .The Domain is followed by the kingdom, such as the archaebacteria, bacteria, fungi, protist, plants, and animals. This category is subdivided into various phyla (sing, phylum)
• Biodiversity is coined from two words: "biological" and "diversity". It refers to all the variety of life that can be found on Earth (plants, animals, fungi and micro-organisms) as well as to the communities that they form and the habitats in which they live. 
• A phylum consists of different families. 
• Families consist of several genera (sing. genus) and each genus comprise the smallest group of various species.
• A family consists of different genera.
• Genus


  The smallest group of various species
• Genus


  • Canis (dogs)
  • Homo (humans)
• Species name


  The specific name of an organism within a genus (e.g. lupus for dogs)
• Scientific name


  The genus and species name combined (e.g. Canis lupus for dogs)
• Domains


  • Bacteria
  • Archae
  • Eukarya
• Domain/Eukarya


  The largest category into which organisms have been classified
• Kingdom/Animalia


  The second highest taxonomic rank, divided into smaller groups, phyla
• Phylum/Chordata


  Major subdivision of the kingdom, contains all organisms with the same body plan (e.g. chordates have backbone)
• Class/Mammalia


  A group of organisms with the same general traits (e.g. number of legs)
• Order/Primates


  A subdivision of class using additional information about organisms
• Family/Hominidae


  A group of closely related genera
• Genus/Homo


  A group of closely related species
• Species/Sapiens


  A group of organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of inbreeding
• Kingdom Archaebacteria


  Organisms that belong to this kingdom are all microscopic
• Organisms in Kingdom Archaebacteria


  • Methanogens
  • Halophiles
  • Thermophiles
• Methanogens


  • Inhabit digestive tract of animals and ponds where animal, human and domestic wastes are treated
  • Present on bottoms of lakes, swamps and rice fields
  • Producing methane gas is an important characteristic
• Halophiles


  • Orange and yellow color in salt ponds
  • Adaptive to very salty environments
• Thermophiles


  • Can live in places with high temperature like volcanic hot springs with 80 to 110°C
  • Some members of archaebacteria also survive in acidic and even cold environments
• Kingdom Eubacteria


  • They are unicellular and microscopic, referred to as the "true bacteria" and are called bacteria group
  • Their cell walls are made of peptides, a carbohydrate
• Bacteria


  • Consist of a very diverse group, varied in shapes and found almost in all places, in soil, water and air
  • Can survive extreme condition like in the areas of volcanic activities
  • Some are present in raw or spoiled foods; others live in or on the other organisms including your body
  • Cause diseases and harm other organisms but there are also some that have uses for environment and for humans
• Phototrophs


  • Like plants because they have chlorophyll
  • Include algae, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids
• Types of algae


  • Green
  • Golden
  • Brown
  • Red
• Dinoflagellate


  • A type of algae which live in oceans and seas
  • Unicellular
  • Cause "red tide" when present in large numbers
• Euglenoids


  • Microscopic and unicellular
  • Live in freshwater bodies
  • Have whiplike flagellum for movement
• Heterotrophs with no permanent structure for movement


  • Radiolarians
  • Foraminiferans
  • Amoeba
• Heterotrophs move by


  False feet, called the pseudopods or pseudopodia
• Heterotrophs


  • Paramecium
  • Slime
  • Water molds
• Kingdom Fungi


  • Orange colored growth on spoiled corn
  • Gray to black or white spots on a three-day old bread left in a warm and humid or moist place
• Fungi


  • Kabuti from the woods
  • Yeast used in making bread
• Fungi


  • No chlorophyll
  • Cannot make their own food
  • Some are parasites that survive by living on a host organism
  • Others feed on decaying matter and are called saprophytes
  • Cell walls made of chitin
• Plants


  • Belong to eukaryote group
  • Multicellular
  • Have chlorophyll so they can make their own food
  • Consist of two big groups: nonvascular plants and vascular plants
• Nonvascular Plants


  • Liverworts, mosses and hornworts
  • Attached to the places where they live by means of their root-like rhizoids
• Types of organisms


  • Phototrophs that produce their own food
  • Heterotrophs that feed on other organisms
  • Sporozoan group that are all parasitic
• Vascular plants or Tracheophytes


  Have specialized tissues for transporting water and food throughout the plant. They also have a root system