Lesson3: Intro to Globalization

• Globalization


  The process of expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space
• Globalization


  • It applies to a set of social processes that appear to transform our present condition of weakening nationality into one of globality
  • It is a multi-dimensional phenomenon involving the ECONOMY, CULTURE, POLICY, and ENVIRONMENT
• Overtime the concept of time has become irrelevant. Any time you could talk to your loved one. So, nawawala na yung time element. Similar with the space element, gradually we were able to communicate with other real-time. Overtime, our sense of nationality decreases. Ex: samgyup, the barongs we wear are from US.
• Phases of development of globalization

  • Archaic Globalization
  • Proto-Globalization
  • Modern Globalization
• Archaic Globalization


  Refers to globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until around 1800s
• Archaic Globalization


  • Describes the relationships between communities and states and how they were created by the geographical spread of ideas and social norms at both local and regional levels
  • States began to interact and trade with others within close proximity as a way to acquire goods that were considered a luxury
  • Trade led to the spread of ideas such as religion, economic structures and political ideals
  • Merchants became connected and aware of others in ways that had not been apparent
  • It not only allowed the spread of goods and commodities to other regions, but it also allowed people to experience other cultures
• Principles of Archaic Globalization

  • Universalizing Kingship
  • Expansion of Religious Movements
  • Medicinal Understanding
• Universalizing Kingship


  The universalizing of kingship led soldiers and monarchs far distances to find honor and prestige. However, the crossing over foreign lands also gave the traveling men opportunity to exchange prized goods. This expanded trade between distant lands, which consequently increased the amount of social and economic relations.
• Universalizing Kingship


  • Expansion of travel to Americas and Asia
• Expansion of Religious Movements

  Religious movements remain one of the greatest global movements of people
• Expansion of Religious Movements


  • The crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church
• Expansion of Religious Movements in the Philippines


  The KRUS symbolises evangelisation, the peaceful way of conquest, and the ESPADA symbolises the use of force and military strength
• Medical Understanding


  While the trading of spices, precious stones, animals, and weapons remained of major importance, people began to seek medicine from faraway lands
• Medical Understanding


  • Europe implemented more trade routes, especially to China for their tea
  • People practiced penance and went on pilgrimages to touch the relics of a saint, as a way of finding a cure
  • During the Crusades, many people traveled to the Middle East and learnt about scientific medicine from Arabic texts
• Proto-Globalization


  A period following archaic globalization wherein increase in trade links and cultural exchanges occurred. Such paved the way for "modern globalization"
• Proto-Globalization


  • It distinguished itself from modern globalization on the basis of: Expansionism is the method of managing global trade, and Higher level of information exchange
• Characteristics of Proto-Globalization


  • Trade arrangements (Example: East India Company)
  • The rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations
  • The rise of new commodities —most particularly slave trade
  • The Triangular Trade made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the Western Hemisphere
  • The transfer of plant and animal crops, as well as diseases
• Triangular Trade


  • Europe, the Americas (North and South), and Africa
• Columbian Exchange


  European diseases caused a dramatic decline in the Native American population because they were not immune to the diseases like the Europeans were
• Modern Globalization


  The 19th century witnessed the advent of globalization approaching its modern form. Industrialization allowed cheap production of household items using economies of scale, while rapid population growth created sustained demand for commodities.
• Modern Globalization


  • Globalization in this period was decisively shaped by nineteenth-century imperialism: Vast populations of regions in China and India are already consumers of European exports, and the conquest of new parts of the globe, notably sub-Saharan Africa by Europeans yielded valuable natural resources such as rubber, diamonds and coal
• Modern Globalization


  • First and Second Opium Wars – Qing Dynasty losing territorial sovereignty and economic power to Britain
• Until now, there are areas of sub-Sahara Africa that are still governed by Europeans because of their rich natural resources</b>
• Globalization


  Economic Process: Corporations move money, factories and goods around the planet at ever more rapid rates of speed, searching for cheaper labor, cheaper raw materials, and weak consumer, labor and environmental protection
• Globalization


  Political Ideology: Humans and the planet will be better off if the global market is left unbound by ethical, moral, social, or environmental considerations
• Globalism


  The belief that we share one fragile planet whose survival requires mutual respect and careful treatment of all its people and its environment
• Globalization is both creating massive problems (ozone depletion, climate instability, mass migration, etc.) and destroying our ability to cooperate across boundaries and borders to address these very problems


  Therefore, let's exploit the environment
• Globalism — the belief that the well-being of each and every neighbor, no matter how far away, affects us all


  Is the only way to combat the assault of globalization. Therefore, let's protect the environment
• Ritchie (1996): 'The difference between globalism and globalization is like the difference between making love and rape.'