practicals

• The 6 different practical's are:

  • Paper chromatography
  • Evaporation
  • Filtration
  • Crystallisation
  • Simple distillation
  • Fractional distillation
• A mixture has no chemical bond so it can be separated by physical methods
• Chromatography is used to separate different dyes in an ink
• If a solid can dissolve it's called a soluble
• If a solid can't be dissolved it's called insoluble
• Method for Chromatography


  1. Draw line in pencil (pencil is insoluble) near the bottom of the sheet of filter paper

  2. Add a spot of ink to the line

  3. Place sheet in a beaker of solvent, e.g. water

  4. Make sure the ink isn't touching the solvent

  5. Place a lid on top of the beaker to stop the solvent from evaporating

  6. As the solvent seeps through the filter paper it carries the ink along with it

  7. Each dye in the ink will move up the paper at different rates so the dyes will separate out

  8. Each dye will form a spot in a different place so you'll see 1 spot per dye in the ink

  9. When the solvent has reached near the top of the sheet take the paper out to dry
• Chromatogram


  The pattern of spots resulting from the chromatography process