Mirrors, Lenses, and the Eye

• Non-smooth surfaces


  • Produce diffuse reflections
• Plane mirror


  • Produces an image that is reversed
• Image at the focal point of a concave mirror


  • No image forms
• Convex mirror


  • Produces an image that is right side up, smaller than the object
• Concave lens


  • Produces an image that is right side up, smaller, and closer to the lens than the object
• Diffuse reflection


  Reflection from a non-smooth surface
• The image a plane mirror produces is reversed compared to the object
• When an object is exactly at its focal point, a concave mirror produces no image
• A convex mirror forms an upright and smaller image than the object
• The image a concave lens produces is upright, smaller, and closer to the lens than the original object
• Sound waves


  Produced by vibrations
• Sound and light waves

  Travel through matter, but only light waves travel through a vacuum
• Refraction


  Occurs when a light wave changes speed
• Electromagnetic waves


  Differ according to their wavelength
• Convex mirror


  • Image is right side up and smaller than the object
• Concave lens


  • Thinner in the middle than on their edges
• Plane mirror


  • An image of the object is reversed from left to right
• Transparent material


  Allows all light through it