cold environments

• describe tundra ecosystem

  low temperatures with permafrost soils and low biodiversity
• describe polar ecosystem

  very low temperatures with permanently frozen soils and very low biodiversity
• give adaptations of plants in cold ecosystems

  dormant, low growing, hairs on stems and waxy leaves
• give adaptations of animals in cold environments

  thick fur and fat, hibernate, camouflage, strong sense of smell varied diet and ability to swim
• give adaptations of people in cold environments

  indigenous people in tundra areas
• give development opportunities in cold environments

  energy source, mineral extraction, fishing and tourism
• describe energy source opportunity

  generated income and jobs from oil and gas production
• describe mineral extraction opportunity

  generated employment and income from mining and selling of gold and silver for high value
• describe fishing opportunity

  generated income and employment of fishing industry
• describe tourism opportunity

  generated income and employment for tourists attracted to beautiful landscapes
• give challenges of cold environments

  extreme temperature, inaccessibility and building
• describe extreme cold temperature

  creates dangerous and difficult working conditions
• describe inaccessibility

  poor transport routes making difficult and expensive to access
• describe building of infrastructure challenge

  must be suitable to permafrost and extreme cold temperature
• give importance of wilderness areas

  areas of research, maintain biodiversity, maintain fragile ecosystems and preserve rare species
• give methods to balance conservation and economic development in cold environments

  use of technology, government agreements, international agreements and conservation groups
• describe method of use of technology

  modern construction techniques - trans alaskan pipeline
• describe trans alaskan pipeline

  pipe to transport oil across alaska
• give adaptations of trans alakan pipeline

  flexible sections, built on stilts and avoided areas of tectonic plate margins
• give opportunity or trans alaskan pipeline

  large oil production, reduce dependency, income and employment
• give challenges of trans alaklan pipeline

  risk of oil spill and exploitation of natural landscape
• describe method of government agreements

  laws and regulations, quotas and protected areas
• describe methods of international agreements

  protected cold environments and control tourism
• describe methods of conservation groups

  protected areas of cold environments