LEADING QUESTIONS

• WHAT WAS THE DESIGN OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  independent groups
• WHAT WAS THE IV OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  verb in question

  -> hit, contacted, bumped, collided or smashed
• WHAT WERE PARTICIPANTS ASKED TO DO IN LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  watched videos of car crashes
• WHAT WAS THE DV IN LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  memory recall (speed estimate in mph)
• WHAT IS RESPONSE BIAS?

  wording just influenced how participants decided to answer question
• WHAT WERE THE FINDINGS OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  as verb severity decreases, mean speed estimate decreases
• WHAT HAPPENED IN PART 2 OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  participants answered another questionnaire a week later

  -> CRITICAL QUESTION: "did you see broken glass"
• WHAT WERE THE FINDINGS OF PART 2 OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  participants with "smashed" in critical question were over twice as likely to say they saw broken glass to "hit" or control
• WHAT DOES LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY FINDINGS SUGGEST ABOUT LEADING QUESTIONS?

  memory storage can be manipulated by leading questions
• EVALUATION POINTS OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  • standardised procedure
  • artificial task
  • contrasting research
  • real world application
  • socially sensitive debate
• WHAT DOES THE STANDARDISED PROCEDURE OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY MEAN?

  the extraneous variables were controlled, therefore increasing internal validity
• COUNTERARGUMENT OF STANDARDISED PROCEDURE OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  lacks mundane realism and ecological validity
• ISSUE RAISED BY TASK BEING ARTIFICIAL IN LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  lacks mundane realism, therefore does not create same anxiety levels

  -> therefore the findings lack ecological validity
• WHO CARRIED OUT THE CONTRASTING RESEARCH OF LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  Yuille and Cutshall
• WHAT HAPPENED IN YUILLE AND CUTSHALL'S EXPERIMENT?

  participants had seen a real robbery (question about yellow door panel and broken light)
• FINDINGS OF YUILLE AND CUTSHALL'S EXPERIMENT?

  77% correctly answered saying there was neither
• WHAT REAL WORLD APPLICATION DOES LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY HAVE?

  helps avoid miscarriages of justice
• WHAT SOCIALLY SENSITIVE DEBATE IS RAISED BY LOFTUS AND PALMER'S STUDY?

  trusting the victim