Potential difference in series circuits

• The cell has a store of chemical energy, this is transferred to electrical energy which is carried by the electrons passing out of the cell.
• When the electrons pass through components (e.g. lamp), electrical energy is transferred to other forms of energy.
• The potential difference of 1 volt tells us that 1 joule of energy is transferred for each coulomb of charge that is moving through the circuit.
• Potential difference is also known as voltage.
• Potential difference is measured using a voltmeter.
• Voltmeters are connected in parallel.
• In a series circuit, the total energy carries by the current has been shared between all the components.
• The total p.d across all the components is the same as the p.d across the cell.