chemistry

• Li+ is red
• Na+ is yellow
• K+ is lilac
• Ca+ is orange-red
• Cu2+ is blue-green
• Al3+ forms a white precipitate , but dissolves in excess NaOH
• Ca2+ forms a white precipitate
• Cu2+ forms a blue precipitate
• Fe2+ forms a green precipitate
• Fe3+ forms a brown precipitate
• Test for carbonate ions - add a dilute acid and carbon dioxide will be formed. You will see fizz, bubble through limewater to test for CO2
• Cl- forms a white precipitate of silver chloride
• Br- forms a cream precipitate of silver bromide
• I- forms a yellow precipitate of silver iodide
• to test for halide ions add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution
• Test for sulfate ions - add some dilute hydrochloric acid to stop any precipitation reactions happening then add barium chloride solution and if sulfate ions are present a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form.