Enzymes

• Substrate


  The substances enzymes act upon

  
• Active Site


  Specific part of an enzyme where a substrate fits

  
• Lock-and-Key Model


  Enzymes and substrates fit together based on their specific shapes like a key fits a lock

  
• pH, Temperature & Concentration


  Three factors that affect enzyme activity
• Acid


  pH between 0-7

  
• Base


  pH between 7-14

  
• Neutral


  pH of 7

  
• Optimal temperature


  Temperature at which an enzyme works the best

  
• Denature


  Change in shape of an enzyme due to extremes in temperature or pH, causes the enzyme to stop functioning
• Protein


  Type of biomolecule an enzyme is
• Names of Enzymes


  Based on their substrates, ends in "-ase" EX: lipid - lipase, protein - protease, lactose - lactase
• Remains Unchanged


  Characteristics of an enzyme after catalyzing a chemical reaction

  
• Concentration


  How much of a substance is present

  
• Optimal pH


  pH at which an enzyme works best

  
• Inhibitor


  A substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction

  
• Usually ends in -ose


  Substrates
• Usually ends in -ase


  Enzymes