drrr

• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the systematic approach to avoiding or minimizing disasters.
• The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was adopted by UN member states in March 2015, replacing the Hyogo Framework for Action.
• The four priorities of DRR are understanding disaster risk; strengthening disaster risk governance; investing in disaster reduction for resilience; and enhancing preparedness for response and recovery from disasters.
• Natural hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons/hurricanes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, wildfires, and extreme temperatures.
• Economic losses due to natural disasters have increased over time, with the most expensive being Hurricane Katrina in 2005 at $161 billion.
• Development aid aims to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development through economic growth, education, healthcare, infrastructure, and social services.
• DISASTER RISK - The probability that a hazard would hit a vulnerable community would result in loss of lives and physical damage.
• Natural Process that Shape and Change Environment.

  Plate tectonics – leading to mountain building, volcanism, ocean formation, etc.
• Global warming leads to rising sea levels, melting glaciers, more frequent and intense heatwaves, storms, droughts, and wildfires.
• Natural Process that Shape and Change the Environment.

  Atmospheric processes – formation of clouds, precipitation, wind, etc
• Natural Process.

  Biological accumulation – reef building, colony formation, forestation, etc.
• Natural Process.

  Human activities – urbanization, extracting resources, geoengineering, etc.
• Disaster - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread

  human, material, economic, or environmental

  losses and impacts which exceeds the ability

  of the affected community or society to cope

  using its own resource
• Ring of Fire - is a string of volcanoes and sights of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. - Roughly 90% of all earthquakes occur along the Ring of fire, and the ring is dotted with 75% of all active volcanoes on Earth.
• There is no such thing as a ‘natural disaster’, only “natural hazards”.
• Disaster Risk Reduction aims to ‘reduce the damage’ caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts, and cyclones, through an ethic

  prevention.
• Natural Hazards - naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events.
• Biological Hazard - process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors/agents, including exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, and bioactive substances
• Geological Hazard - geological process or phenomenon - natural process, originates from the solid

  earth-geosphere.
• Hydrometeorological Hazard - “hydro” means water while “meteoros” means sky.

  - process or phenomenon of atmospheric,

  hydrological or oceanographic nature.
• Technological Hazard - manmade event resulting from human activities - industrial accidents, nuclear disasters, oil spills, etc.
• Hydrological Hazard - hydrometeorological processes - water cycle, precipitation, runoff, river flow, etc.
• Volcanic Eruption - eruption of lava, ash, gases, and rock fragments from a volcano.
• Earthquake - sudden shaking of the ground due to movement within the earth’s crust. - earthquakes are usually accompanied by secondary effects such as landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, fires, and building collapses.
• Economic Hazard - economic conditions that can lead to disaster. - unemployment, inflation, debt crisis, etc.
• Social Hazard - social conditions that can lead to disaster. - poverty, inequality, marginalization, conflict, etc.
• Environmental Hazard - environmental factors that affect health. - air pollution, noise pollution, chemical pollutants, radiation, etc.
• Meteorological Hazard - hydrometeorological processes - weather conditions (heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, typhoons, etc.)
• Biological hazards - biological agents or organisms - epidemics, pandemics, animal-borne diseases, etc.
• Technological Hazard - technological failures or accidents. - nuclear power plant meltdown, oil spill, dam failure, train derailment, etc.
• Geophysical Hazards - geologic processes - earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslide, etc.
• Geophysical Hazards - natural phenomena associated with the Earth's structure and its interaction with space
• Biological Hazard - biological agents or organisms that pose a threat to health. - epidemics, pandemics, vector-borne diseases, etc.
• Tsunami - large waves generated by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or submarine landslide.
• Geophysical Hazards - natural phenomena caused by physical forces acting on the Earth's surface
• Lahar - mudflow composed mainly of pyroclastic material (ash) mixed with water
• Tsunami - large wave generated by an abrupt displacement of water caused by earthquake, volcanic activity, submarine landslide, meteorite impact, or other disturbances.
• Biological Hazard - biological agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites) that cause disease. - epidemics, pandemics, etc.
• Earthquakes - sudden shaking of the ground caused by movement along fault lines within the earth's crust
• Landslides - downward movement of soil, rock, or debris along a slope due to gravity.