Carbohydrates

• What is the general formula for monosaccharides? Cx(H2O)y or (Ch2O)n
• Function of the polysaccharide alphas monomers Energy storage
• What are three most common monosaccharides? -Triose -Pentose -Hexose
• Definition of isomers Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures
• Main difference between alpha and beta glucose -Alpha hydroxyl group (OH) is below the plane on C1 -Beta hydroxyl group (OH) is above the plane on C1
• What does hydrolysis do? -Breaks polymers down into monomers -Adds H2O
• What does dehydration synthesis (condensation) do? -Joins monomers into polymers -Takes away H2O
• Function of the polysaccharide beta monomers Structural
• Properties of glycogen -Compact -Insoluble -Too large to transport
• Properties of cellulose -High tensile strength -Fully permeable
• Name the property of chitin and how it links to its function High tensile strength ->Crucial part of an exoskeleton in insects ->Structural stability in fungal cell walls
• Properties of starch -Compact -Insoluble/osmotically inert -Large in size -Amylopectin is branched
• Describe three structural differences between starch and chitin -No hydrogen bonds in starch, hydrogen bonds are in chitin -No fibrils in starch, there are in chitin -Amylose's straight chain coils, chitin's straight chain flips 180 degrees adjacent
• What type of carbohydrate is sucrose? Disaccharide
• What is a polymer? A chain of monomers bonded by condensation, to form a large molecule